Recent Insights on Prevalence and Corelations of Hypoactive Delirium

Table 4

HD in the Intensive Care Unit.

Study	,; mean age in years	Diagnosis of delirium	Subtyping	Summary of findings
Guenther et al., 2010 [36]	25,; 74	CAM-ICU	RASS	80% HD
Tsuruta et al., 2010 [37]	21,; 70	CAM-ICU, ICDSC	RASS	100% HD in nonventilated patients.; Serum max CRP levels and length of ICU stay were independent associations of delirium development
Robinson et al., 2011 [38]	74,; 64	CAM-ICU	RASS	68% HD; only 1% hyperactive; Subjects with HD were found to be older and more anemic and had higher six-month mortality in comparison to subjects with mixed type delirium. Sacral skin breakdown occurred more frequently in HD patients than in the mixed delirium subjects
van den Boogaard et al., 2012 [39]	411,; 64	CAM- ICU	RASS	36% HD; HD prevalence was significantly higher in the neurology and neurosurgery group. Significantly more patients with a hypoactive and mixed; subtype died compared to the hyperactive subtype
van den Boogaard et al., 2012 [40]	171,; 65	CAM-ICU	RASS	36.8% HD; Survival was significantly lower in HD and mixed delirium patients compared to hyperactive delirium subjects; At 18 months after discharge HD patients performed significantly better on the domain mental health than mixed or hyperactive patients
Sharma et al., 2012 [41]	54,; 49.5	DRS-R-98	RASS	45.3% HD; HD was a predictor of mortality in patients with delirium
Naidech et al., 2013 [42]	31,; 63	CAM-ICU	RASS	90% HD; Delirium symptoms were brief (1 day) in duration and were associated with longer length of stay, subsequent worse functional outcomes, and domain-specific QOL, compared to nondelirious subjects
Caruso et al., 2014 [43]	163,; 59	CAM-ICU	RASS	66.3% HD; Delirium subtype was not associated with ICU bed design (multibed or single-bed)
Leite et al., 2014 [44]	34,; 40.8	CAM-ICU	RASS	73.5% HD; Youngest patients with neurologic trauma who were in the process of being weaned from mechanical ventilation were more inclined to present with HD

CAM-ICU: Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit.
RASS score: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score.
DRS-R-98: Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98.
ICDSC: Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.
ICU: Intensive Care Unit.
HD: hypoactive delirium.