Research Article

Effects of Different Types of Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function, Brain Structure, and Driving Safety in Senior Daily Drivers: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Unsafe driving actions checked in the on-road evaluation.

Scene Checked item Unsafe actions Count to evaluation mapping

Right turn Turn signal
Steering
Safety check
Safe speed
Fail/too late
Too tight/too loose/unstable
Fail/insufficient
Too fast
0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2-3 → 3,
4-5 → 2,
≥6 → 1

Left turn Turn signal
Steering
Safety check
Safe speed
Fail/too late
Too loose/unstable/swinging opposite
Fail/insufficient/forgot to look back
Too fast
0 → 5,
1-2 → 4,
3-4 → 3,
5-6 → 2,
≥7 → 1

Passing blind intersection Fail to stop
Safety check
No slowing/going slow
Fail/insufficient
0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2 → 3,
3 → 2,
≥4 → 1

Intersection requiring stop Fail to stop
Stop position
Safety check
No slowing/going slow
Intrusion into intersection/crossing stop line
Fail/insufficient
0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2 → 3,
3 → 2,
≥4 → 1

Changing lanes Signaling
Safety check
Steering
Fail/too late
Fail/insufficient
Abrupt
0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2-3 → 3,
4-5 → 2,
≥6 → 1

Passing beside a stopped car Signaling
Safety check
Safe speed
Distance
Steering
Fail/too late
Fail to check front/fail to check side/inattention
Too fast
Too close
Abrupt
0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2 → 3,
3 → 2,
≥4 → 1

Curve Course
Safe speed
Safety check
Too inside/too outside
Too fast
Fail/insufficient
0 → 5,
1-2 → 4,
3-4 → 3,
5-6 → 2,
≥7 → 1

Other Priority at intersection Miss 0 → 5,
1 → 4,
2 → 3,
3 → 2,
≥4 → 1