Loss in Executive Functioning Best Explains Changes in Pain Responsiveness in Patients with Dementia-Related Cognitive Decline

Table 1

Facial Action Units (AUs) with a critical frequency of occurrence of more than 5% in supra-NFR threshold trials. Effect sizes for frequency differences between “below threshold” and “suprathreshold” trials are given.

Action Unit	Description	Frequency of occurrence
		Percent	Effect size (Cohen’s )
AU4	Brow lower	32.0
AU6/7	Orbit tightening	78.7
AU9/10	Levator contraction	23.7
AU14	Dimpler	12.6
AU17	Chin raise	14.0
AU18	Lip pucker	11.3
AU25/26/27	Mouth opening	62.8
AU45	Blink	168.6

Medium and strong effect sizes () are marked in bold.
Percent denotes the percentage of occurrence in the entire suprathreshold segments.