The Short-Term Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Electroencephalography in Children with Autism: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial

Figure 1

Changes in peak alpha frequency (PAF) at 18 electrode sites (referenced to Cz) after active and sham tDCS stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), relative to baseline. In the active condition, significant differences in PAF were found at 5 electrode sites: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, and Fc. Immediately after stimulation, PAF significantly increased at Fp1, F7, and Fc; significant increases in PAF at Fp2 were found at 72 hours after stimulation. At the stimulation site (F3), increases in PAF were found immediately and at 24 hours after stimulation. In the sham condition, PAF did not have any significant changes at any time point at any of the 18 electrode sites. Red = increase; blue = decrease; white = no changes; significant different main effect of time; ; ; .

(a) Active condition

(b) Sham condition