Confrontation Naming and Reading Abilities at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study
Table 2
Age and assessment scores at the end of each grade of the 126 participants included in the analysis. NA = not administered because word and pseudoword reading tests are available only from the second year onwards. Paired samples -tests () and Friedman test (°) were used in order to verify test scores improvement from year to year.
Assessment scores
Grade
Mean
St. dev.
Median
Range
Age, years
I
6.7
0.3
6.7
6.3–7.3
—
II
7.7
0.3
7.8
7.3–8.3
III
8.7
0.3
8.8
8.3–9.3
IV
9.8
0.3
9.8
9.3–10.3
V
10.7
0.3
10.7
9.3–11.3
Nonverbal IQ
I
109.1
9.4
108
81–135
—
Confrontation naming (BNT) score (number of correct answers; total 60)
I
32.0
6.6
33
16–45
II
34.3
8.1
36
17–50
III
39.4
6.7
39
22–54
IV
43.8
6.1
45
26–56
V
47.9
6.0
49
29–59
Reading fluency (number of syllables read in one second)
Story
I
1.2
0.6
1.2
0.1–3.7
II
2.5
0.8
2.5
0.8–4.8
III
3.4
1.0
3.2
0.9–6.8
IV
4.2
1.1
4.2
1.5–7.5
V
3.9
1.0
3.8
1.9–7.9
Words
I
NA
NA
NA
NA
II
2.0
0.8
1.9
0.6–3.9
III
2.8
0.9
2.6
1.1–5.5
IV
3.7
0.9
3.6
1.1–5.9
V
3.9
1.0
3.9
1.5–7.2
Pseudowords
I
NA
NA
NA
NA
II
1.3
0.4
1.3
0.4–2.4
III
1.7
0.5
1.6
0.6–3.1
IV
2.1
0.6
2.0
0.9–3.6
V
2.3
0.7
2.2
0.8–4.5
Reading accuracy (number of errors)
Story
I
5.0
4.5
3.5
0–21.5
<0.001°
II
5
4.4
4
0–25.5
III
4
3.1
3
0–15
IV
3.1
2.6
3
0–18
V
3.6
2.7
3
0–16
Words
I
NA
NA
NA
NA
<0.001°
II
6.4
5.2
5
0–27
III
4.6
3.8
4
0–20
IV
2.5
3.1
2
0–18
V
1.8
2.2
1
0–11
Pseudowords
I
NA
NA
NA
NA
<0.001°
II
8.4
5.7
7
0–28
III
6.4
4.6
6
0–23
IV
4.4
3.3
4
0–15
V
3.2
3.0
3
0–14
Reading comprehension (number of correct answers; total 10)
