The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults

Table 2

Characteristics, pain NRS, and facial expression scores of the participants.

Variable
Age (yrs)	51	66.7 (12.0)
Sex (M/F)	51	26/25
MMSE	51	28.7 (1.4)
Education	51	5 (2)
NRS 50 kPa	51	1.2 (1.6)
NRS 200 kPa	51	2.9 (2.3)
NRS 400 kPa	51	5.0 (2.6)
Facial expressions 50 kPa	51	0.4 (0.6)
Facial expressions 200 kPa	50	0.7 (0.9)
Facial expressions 400 kPa	51	1.2 (1.4)
Stroop Word card (s)	51	55.9 (15.9)
Stroop Color card (s)	51	67.3 (20.1)
Stroop Color/Word card (s)	51	127.5 (95.2)
Zoo Map score	51	11.0 (4.0)
Digit Span Backward	51	5.8 (2.3)
AVLT immediate recall	51	38.6 (11.1)
AVLT delayed recognition	51	27.3 (2.9)
RBMT immediate story recall	51	7.5 (3.4)
RBMT delayed story recall	51	6.3 (3.2)

Descriptive represent means (±SD), with the exception of sex, where frequencies (male (M)/female (F)) are presented, and education where the median score (IQR) is presented. The facial expression scores represent the average number of pain-specific expressions. AVLT: Auditory Verbal Learning Test; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; NRS: numerical rating scale; RBMT: Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test; s: seconds; yrs: years.