Research Article

Dream Recall Frequencies and Dream Content in Wilson’s Disease with and without REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Neurooneirologic Study

Table 2

Dream and nightmare frequencies and retrospective dream characteristics (mean ± SD and percentages).

Wilson’s disease
Wilson’s disease
without RBD
Wilson’s disease
with RBD
Healthy controls
All WD versus HC
WD + RBD versus WD − RBD

Dream recall frequency during last months [/week]1.84 ± 2.301.71 ± 2.273.00 ± 2.611.95 ± 2.06nsns
Nightmare recall frequency during last months [/month]1.18 ± 2.330.86 ± 1.543.94 ± 5.460.65 ± 1.03ns0.040
Dream recall frequency, two-week diary [/week]1.32 ± 1.451.27 ± 1.481.75 ± 1.191.48 ± 1.41nsns
RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong, total score [0–100]15.54 ± 12.1312.79 ± 9.0138.25 ± 11.3513.71 ± 5.67ns<0.001
RBDQ-HK1: Did you often have dreams?
Lifetime occurrence [y/n]78.38%75.76%100.00%92.68%nsns
Recent 1-year frequency [0–4]2.32 ± 1.442.18 ± 1.453.50 ± 0.582.78 ± 1.11nsns
RBDQ-HK2: Did you often have nightmares?
Lifetime occurrence [y/n]59.46%54.55%100.00%68.29%nsns
Recent 1-year frequency [0–4]0.73 ± 0.990.49 ± 0.712.75 ± 0.500.73 ± 0.81ns0.001
RBDQ-HK3: Did you have dreams with an emotional and sorrowful content?
Lifetime occurrence [y/n]70.27%66.67%100.00%75.61%nsns
Recent 1-year frequency [0–4]0.92 ± 1.040.82 ± 0.921.75 ± 1.711.00 ± 0.84nsns
RBDQ-HK4: Did you have dreams with a violent or aggressive content (e.g., fighting with someone)?
Lifetime occurrence [y/n]43.24%39.39%75.00%68.29%0.026ns
Recent 1-year frequency [0–4]0.43 ± 0.800.33 ± 0.691.25 ± 1.260.51 ± 0.64ns0.028
RBDQ-HK5: Did you have dreams with a frightening and horrifying content (e.g., being chased by a ghost)?
Lifetime occurrence [y/n]37.84%33.33%75.00%65.85%0.013ns
Recent 1-year frequency [0–4]0.43 ± 0.770.30 ± 0.591.50 ± 1.290.29 ± 0.46ns0.051

HC: healthy controls; RBD: REM sleep behaviour disorder; RBD-HK1–5: RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong questions 1 to 5; WD: Wilson’s disease; WD + RBD: Wilson’s disease with REM sleep behaviour disorder; WD − RBD: Wilson’s disease without REM sleep behaviour disorder.