The Effect of Dopaminergic Medication on Joint Kinematics during Haptic Movements in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and basic demographics of patients with Parkinson’s disease.

N	Age	Gender	Handedness	Disease duration; (years)	UPDRS				Levodopa equivalent; dose	Medication
					Total score		Motor score
					OFF	ON	OFF	ON
1	72	M	R	6	32	29	23	20	267	P
2	66	M	R	6	40	25	27	12	500	L
3	65	M	R	11	61	44	41	24	400	L
4	65	M	L	2	41	27	29	15	1000	L
5	65	M	L	9	29	23	18	12	350	L, P
6	65	M	R	5	46	35	32	21	425	L, P

Handedness was based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (range from 20 [R, right handed] to −20 [L, left handed]) [14]. L: levodopa; M: male; P: pramipexole; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (range from 0 to 192, with higher scores indicating higher disease severity [15]).