Effects of Robot-Assisted Training for the Unaffected Arm in Patients with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study

Table 2

Performance on outcome measures.

Outcome		Participants	Hand	Baseline	Between-group comparisons at baseline (unaffected versus dominant)	After treatment	Within-group comparisons (after treatment versus baseline)
Nine-Hole Peg Test (s); Mean (SD)		CP patients	Affected	31.5 (4.3)		32.3 (10.6)	()
			Unaffected	13.8 (4.6)	()	12.6 (1.2)	()
		Healthy controls	Dominant	11.5 (1.3)
			Nondominant	12.1 (1.1)
Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test (s); Mean (SD)		CP patients	Affected	17.9 (13.3)		14.5 (6.9)	()
			Unaffected	6.6 (1.8)	()	5.5 (1.1)	()
		Healthy controls		5.1 (0.7)
			Dominant
			Nondominant	7.4 (1.3)
			Action planning (%); Mean (SD)					Stick Test	CP patients	Unaffected	86.3 (15.1)	()	93.3 (11.2)	()
Healthy controls	Dominant	100.0 (0)
Hammer; Test	CP patients	Unaffected		58.3 (33.6)	()	75.8 (20.2)	()
	Healthy controls	Dominant		94.7 (7.7)

CP: cerebral palsy; s: seconds; SD: standard deviation; %: percentage. Statistically significant ().