Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction Reduced Mitophagy Activation and Improved Mitochondrial Function in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Figure 3

Representative electron microphotographs of neuronal mitophagy in the ischemic penumbra of the cerebral cortex at 24 h after the reperfusion. (a) The Sham group with normal mitochondrial ultrastructures. (f) Enlargement of the boxed area in (a). (b) Typical mitophagy structure and swollen mitochondria were revealed in the IR group. (c) Autophagy structure (white arrow) and autophagic vacuoles (small black arrow) were also shown in the XXMD60 group. (d) Autolysosomes were observed in neurons in the CsA group. High magnifications revealed autolysosome (h). (e) The characteristics of autophagy structure (white arrow), autophagic vacuoles (small black arrow), and swollen mitochondria (big black arrow) were observed in the Vehicle group. High magnifications revealed typical mitophagy structure (i and j). N: nuclear, , scale bar = 1 μm (a–e), scale bar = 0.5 μm (f–j).

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