Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines

Table 2

The beneficial activities of H. erinaceus mycelium and its active components on age-associated cognitive change and early dementia.

Material studied (dose used)	In vivo models	Effects	Reference
Erinacine A	Normal Wistar rats	Enhanced NGF and catecholamine secretion in the LC and hippocampus after intragastric dosing erinacine A at 8 mg/kg body weight	[18]
Erinacine A-enriched mycelia and erinacine A	Ischemic stroke in Sprague-Dawley rats	(1) Mycelia at 50 and 300 mg/kg body weight reduced infarcted volume in cortex and subcortex of transient stroke rats; (2) Erinacine A at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum of transient stroke rats	[24]
Erinacine A-enriched mycelia	APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice	(1) Mycelia at 300 mg/kg body weight reduced amyloid plaque burden in the area including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; (2) Increased NGF/proNGF ratio and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis; (3) Restored nesting behavior	[43]
Erinacine A; Erinacine S	APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice	(1) Both compounds at 30 mg/kg body weight reduced amyloid plaque burden in the cerebral cortex; (2) Increased the level of IDE in the cortex by 130.5 ± 68.9% and 141.1 ± 63.7%, respectively	[20]
Erinacine A-enriched mycelia	MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice	(1) Treatment at 10.76 and 21.52 mg/day elevated dopamine, NGF, and GSH levels; (2) Reduced motor dysfunction; (3) Reduced dopaminergic neurons apoptosis in the striatum and substantia nigra	[39]
Mycelia ethanolic extract	C57BL/6 mice	(1) Treatment at 2000 mg/kg body weight blocked the rise in [Ca^2+] induced by ATP; (2) Increased the latency in tail-flick and paw-lifting times exposed to a thermal stimulus	[50]
Erinacine A-enriched mycelium	Restraint stress induced depression in ICR mice	(1) Treatment at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight increased dopamine and serotonin levels; (2) Increased BDNF, TrκB, and PI3K expressions in the hippocampus; (3) Reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels; (4) Reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, as well as decreased the number of entries and the time spent in the open arm	[47]