Longitudinal Screening Detects Cognitive Stability and Behavioral Deterioration in ALS Patients

Table 3

Change in scores over time across diagnostic groups, defined by baseline ALS-CBS cognitive scores, controlling for age, sex, time from illness onset to baseline testing, and time between assessments (GLM ANCOVA, adjusted means, and standard errors are presented).

Cognitive and behavioral screens	Change scores across diagnostic subgroups (cognitive)						ANCOVA		Pairwise
	1; Normal		2; Mild		3; Moderate
	MN	SE	MN	SE	MN	SE
	ALS-CBS cognition	−1.12	0.373	0.13	0.335	4.33	0.983	13.92	0.001^⊥	All
ALS-CBS behavior	−1.21	0.820	−2.50	0.730	−3.12	1.88	0.85	0.430	None
FBI negative	−0.89	0.82	−0.92	0.73	−.61	1.90	0.01	0.989	None
FBI disinhibition	−0.32	0.39	−0.77	0.35	−2.48	0.90	2.45	0.091	1 vs. 3
CNS-Lability Scale	−0.27	0.56	0.66	0.50	0.67	1.30	0.78	0.460	None

Diagnostic subgroups were determined based on baseline ALS CBS scores on the cognitive screen [7]. Normal: no significant cognitive impairment; mild: suspicion of mild cognitive impairment; moderate: suspicion of moderate-severe cognitive impairment, raising suspicion for dementia. ^⊥Significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of 0.01.