Depression and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Expression Pattern of Calbindin Immunoreactivity in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Patients Who Underwent Epilepsy Surgery with and without Comorbid Depression

Table 1

Clinical data of patients with TLE with and without comorbid depression ().

Case number

Sex

Age of seizure onset

Age of surgery

Time of epilepsy duration

RMN

Type of depression DSM-IV

Suicide attempts

Psychopharms received

Antiepileptic treatment

GAF

Beck inventory

Memory deficits

Hippocampal sclerosis type

Dentate gyrus pathology

% of CB-IR-sprouted cells

1

M

9

42

33

RHS

No

No

No

DFH, TPM

65

n/a

GMD

I

Yes

2

M

18

24

6

RHS

No

No

No

CZP, CL

70

n/a

ViMD

I

Yes

3

F

2

28

26

RHS

RMD+P

No

AD, RP

CZP, VPA, CL

55

n/a

ViMD

I

Yes

4

F

8

24

16

LHS

MD+P

Yes

FLX, RP

CBZ, LMT

70

n/a

GMD

I

Yes

5

F

23

41

18

LHS

No

No

No

TPM, CBZ, CL

60

n/a

VMD

I

No

6

F

17

46

29

RHS

No

No

No

CBZ, TPM

70

n/a

ViMD

I

No

7

F

32

47

15

RHS

No

No

No

CBZ, CL

70

n/a

ViMD

I

Yes

8

F

3

22

19

RHS

RMD

Yes

CT

LMT, CBZ

65

n/a

Normal

I

No

9

F

13

36

23

RHS

RMD+D

No

AD

CZP, CL

55

23

Normal

I

Yes

10

F

7

22

15

RHS

No

No

No

CBZ, TPM

70

8

ViMD

I

Yes

11

F

15

18

3

RHS

No

No

No

CBZ, LTG

80

13

Normal

I

Yes

12

F

1

41

40

LHS

No

No

No

DFH, CBZ, LVT

70

10

Normal

I

Yes

13

M

12

22

10

RHS

No

No

No

DFH, LMT, CL

60

6

ViMD

I

Yes

14

M

1

40

39

LHS

No

No

No

VPA, CL

70

4

Normal

I

Yes

15

F

11

29

18

LHS

No

No

No

CBZ, CL

65

6

ViMD

I

Yes

16

M

25

37

12

LHS

No

No

No

CBZ, TPM, CL

85

8

ViMD

II

Yes

17

F

10

24

14

LHS

RMD

No

ST

LMT, CBZ

65

21

GMD

I

Yes

18

M

6

17

11

RHS

MD

No

No

OXC, LVT, CL

70

29

VMD

I

Yes

19

F

18

24

6

RHS

MD

No

No

CBZ, CL

80

9

VMD

I

Yes

20

F

1

39

38

LHS

MD+D

No

No

LMT, LCS

65

5

Normal

I

Yes

21

F

17

52

35

LHS

RMD+D

No

AD

LMT, LVT, CL

55

24

Normal

I

Yes

22

F

5

18

13

LHS

D

No

No

OXC, CL

65

1

VMD

II

No

23

M

8

25

17

LHS

RMD+D

No

No

TPM, CBZ, FT

55

20

GMD

I

Yes

24

F

2

34

34

LHS

RMD+P

Yes

ST, OLN, RP, LSD

VPA, FB, CBZ

50

22

GMD

I

Yes

GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning (DSM-IV); RMD: recurrent major depression; MD: major depression; D: dysthymia; n/a: not available data; P: psychotic symptoms associated with depression; PPT: psychopharmacological treatment received during life; AD: antidepressants (not determined which one); FLX: fluoxetine; CT: citalopram; ST: sertraline; RP: risperidone; LSD: lurasidone; OLZ: olanzapine; AED: antiepileptic drug treatment; DPH: diphenylhydantoin; TPM: topiramate; CBP: carbamazepine; CL: clonazepam; VPA: divalproate; LMT: lamotrigine; LVT: levetiracetam; FB: phenobarbital; LCZ: lacosamide; HS: hippocampal sclerosis—type I (CA1+CA4 predominantly affected) and type II (CA1 predominantly affected); VMD: verbal memory deficit, ViMD: visuospatial memory deficit; GMD: global memory deficit. Dentate gyrus pathology according to Blümcke et al. [13]. The % CB+ sprouted cells: is <10, is ≤15 but >10% is ≤20 but >15%, and is >20% of CB IR.