Neuropsychological and Emotional Functioning in Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome

Table 4

Performance on neuropsychological measures.

Measure	-scores			df			Cohen’s	% impaired^ ()
		SD
Simple attention
Digit span forward	-0.31	0.81	18	17	0.12	0.12	-0.38	0% (0)
Digit span backward	-0.06	0.93	18	17	-0.29	0.77	-0.06	5.6% (1)
Sustained attention
CPT omission errors	-0.40	1.68	15	14	-0.92	0.38	-0.24	20% (3)
CPT commission errors	-0.26	1.32	15	14	-0.75	0.47	-0.19	27% (4)
CPT hit reaction time	-0.55	1.27	15	14	-1.68	0.12	-0.43	20% (3)
CPT hit reaction time standard error	-0.76	1.39	15	14	-2.13	0.05	-0.55	20% (3)
CPT perseverations	-0.80	1.83	15	14	-1.69	0.11	-0.44	40% (6)
CPT hit reaction time block change	-0.54	0.90	15	14	-2.33	0.04	-0.60	13% (2)
CPT hit reaction time block change standard error	-0.84	0.81	15	14	-4.01	0.001	-1.03	20% (3)
Processing speed
Trails A	0.35	0.78	12	11	1.55	0.15	0.45	0% (0)
Coding	-0.37	1.05	17	16	-1.45	0.17	-0.35	5.9% (1)
Visuospatial skills
Facial recognition	-0.06	0.24	17	16	-1.0	0.33	-0.25	5.6% (1)
Judgment of line orientation	-0.71	1.05	17	16	-.28	0.01	-0.68	29% (5)
Language
Boston naming test	-0.34	0.64	13	12	-1.9	0.08	-0.53	0% (0)
Verbal fluency phonemic	0.52	0.97	18	17	2.27	0.04	0.54	0% (0)
Verbal fluency category	0.17	1.11	18	17	0.63	0.54	0.15	5.6% (1)
Visuospatial memory
BVMT trial 1	-0.95	1.09	15	14	-3.36	0.005	-0.87	26.7% (4)
BVMT trial 2	-0.66	1.53	15	14	-1.67	0.12	-0.43	33.3% (5)
BVMT trial 3	-0.56	1.27	15	14	-1.7	0.11	-0.44	26.7% (4)
BVMT total recall (trials 1-3)	-0.83	1.33	15	14	-2.43	0.03	-0.62	33.3% (5)
BVMT learning	0.51	1.06	15	14	1.85	0.09	0.48	0% (0)
BVMT delayed recall	-0.54	1.43	15	14	-1.47	0.16	-0.38	26.7% (4)
Verbal memory
CVLT trial 1	-0.81	1.05	18	17	-3.33	0.005	-0.77	27.8% (5)
CVLT trial 2	-0.34	0.99	18	17	-1.47	0.16	-0.34	16.7% (3)
CVLT trial 3	-0.36	1.29	18	17	-1.19	0.25	-0.28	16.7% (3)
CVLT trial 4	-0.25	1.23	18	17	-.86	0.4	-0.20	16.7% (3)
CVLT trial 5	-0.23	.93	18	17	-1.1	0.31	-0.25	16.7% (3)
CVLT total learning (trials 1-5)	-0.17	1.00	18	17	-0.72	0.48	-0.17	11% (2)
CVLT list B	-0.59	0.72	18	17	-4.03	0.001	-0.82	22.2% (4)
CVLT short delay free recall	-0.21	1.21	18	17	-0.74	0.47	-0.17	11.1% (2)
CVLT short delay cued recall	-0.12	1.07	18	17	-0.48	0.64	-0.11	16.7% (3)
CVLT long delay free recall	-0.15	1.18	18	17	-0.54	0.60	-0.13	11.1% (2)
CVLT long delay cued recall	-0.13	1.22	18	17	-0.45	0.66	-0.11	22.2% (4)
CVLT recognition hits	-0.36	1.22	18	17	-1.25	0.23	-0.3	16.7% (3)
CVLT false positives	-0.04	1.23	18	17	-0.13	0.90	-0.03	0% (0)
Executive functioning
Trails B	-.01	1.05	12	11	-.03	.97	-0.01	16.7% (2)
Verbal fluency switching	.63	1.17	18	17	2.3	.03	0.54	0% (0)

Note. (uncorrected), . ^Impairment was defined as 1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean.