Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in Epileptic Children with Age of Onset above Five Years: A Case-Control Study

Table 3

Bivariate analysis of factors associated with AED resistance.

Variables	Case	Controls		OR	95% CI
Age of onset (year)
>5–9	26	18	0.031	3.37	1.09–10.43
>9	6	14
Etiology
Symptomatic	23	3	<0.001	24.70	5.99–101.86
Idiopathic	9	29
Pretreatment duration of illness (year)
>1	6	5	0.740	1.25	0.34–4.59
≤1	26	27
Pretreatment number of seizures
>10 times	15	10	0.200	1.94	0.70–5.38
≤10 times	17	22
Focal seizure
Yes	25	14	0.005	4.59	1.54–13.67
No	7	18
Multiple seizure types
Yes	11	4	0.039	3.67	1.02–13.14
No	21	28
History of status epilepticus
Yes	4	9	0.120	2.74	0.75–10.06
No	28	23
History of febrile seizure
Yes	12	9	0.298	1.53	0.54–4.39
No	20	23
Brain imaging ()
Abnormal	21	3	<0.001	13.0	2.85–59.39
Normal	7	13
Initial EEG
Abnormal	22	15	0.076	2.49	0.90–6.91
Normal	10	17
EEG evolution
Not favorable	18	5	0.01	6.94	2.13–22.65
Favorable	14	27
Initial response to treatment
Not favorable	30	6	<0.001	65.0	12.06–350.25
Favorable	2	26

Chi square test.