Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Defined Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review of Literature

Table 1

Parkinson’s disease symptomatology (adapted from Kalia et al. (2015) [5] and Zesiewicz (2019) [1]).

Premotor symptoms	Constipation, anosmia, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and depression
Motor symptoms	Tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait, stooped posture, dyskinesia, muscle rigidity, “freezing” episodes, and micrographia
Non-motor symptoms	Staring appearance, flat affect, excessive salivation, anosmia, depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, sleep disruption, fatigue, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, constipation, dysphagia, urinary incontinence, dysarthria, diminished speech volume, unexplained pain, and olfactory dysfunction