Review Article

A Systematic Review on Serious Games in Attention Rehabilitation and Their Effects

Table 2

Characteristics of the games used in the included articles.

GameGenreDeveloperReleased datePlatformLanguageDescriptionPaper number

FarmerKeeperAction (platformers)Mercado et al.2018PC basedEnglishThe game story unfolds on a farm. The goal of the game is to maintain children’s attention above a threshold to control a runner who is seeking for lost farm animals to take them back to their pens1
Brain Age (Dr. Kawashima’s Brain Training)Casual (puzzle)Commercial (Nintendo)2020Wii U, Nintendo DSItalianPuzzles and minigames to strengthen the player’s memory and concentration skills2, 10, 16
LabyrinthCasual (board game)Montani et al.2014PC basedEnglishA little man moves along a maze to reach a goal. The game character is controlled by the gamer through a joystick3
LumosityCasual (puzzle)Commercial (Lomus Lab)2021Web basedEnglish, Spanish, German, FrenchThese video games include 50 games, 10 of which are specifically related to attention (Assist Ants, Feel the Beat, Skyrise, Eagle Eye, Playing Koi, Trouble Brewing, Train of Thought, Lost in Migration, Star Search)4, 11, 17, 21, 23, 30
Captain’s LogAction (platformers)Sandford et al.1988PC basedEnglishBrainTrain’s software products are designed for decision support, education, research, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle purpose5
Rayman Raving RabbidsAction role-playing game (RPG)Commercial (Ubisoft)2006Wii, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360EnglishThe game features two different modes of play—“story mode” and “score mode.” In the story mode, the game follows fifteen days of Rayman’s imprisonment by the Rabbids. Each day, Rayman must complete at least three trials, followed by one special “boss trial,” such as a first-person rail shooter using plungers or a racing game in which the player controls a warthog and uses a flyswatter as a riding crop. Minigames fall into one of four categories: Bunny Hunt, Sports, Challenges, and “Shake your Booty!” dancing6
Kinect Sports Ultimate Collection: athletics, bowling, boxing, skiing, soccer, tennis, and table tennis and minigamesSimulation (sport)Commercial (Rare)2010Xbox 360 KinectEnglishIncludes 13 sports: basketball, soccer, American football, bowling, beach volleyball, table tennis, boxing, golf, tennis, skiing, darts, and baseball7
AR-TherapistSimulation (sport)Alqithami et al.2019Microsoft HoloLens emulatorEnglishA simulated augmented reality environment using a simple game8
CogARC systemCasual (puzzle, word game)Boletsis et al.2016AR on a tablet PCEnglishCogARC is a serious game for cognitive training and screening, utilizing an interaction technique based on augmented reality (AR) and the manipulation of tangible, physical objects (cubes). The game is a collection of cognitive minigames of preventative nature9
Medal of Honor: Rising Sun (MoHRS)Action (first-person shooters)Commercial (EA Games)2003GameCube, PlayStation 2, XboxEnglishRising Sun is set in World War II during the Pacific War12, 28
A virtual reality-based serious game applicationSimulation (process)Gamito et al.2015VR on PCEnglishComprised several daily life activities that were devised to train cognitive functions such as buying several items, finding the way to the minimarket, finding a virtual character dressed in yellow, and recognition of outdoor advertisements)13
Brain Powered Games (BPG) packageCasual (puzzle, word game)Giordani et al.2015PC and smartphone with multiple platformsEnglishA computer-based training platform14
DuckneglectCasual (puzzle, word game)Mainetti et al.2013PC basedEnglishA set of specifically designed games that is based on three key elements: games to guide rehabilitation, hands-free motion tracking, and the display of mirror images15
MeMo (Memory Motivation) web appAction (platform)Scientific group (CoBTeK research team in the Nice Memory Center at the Institute Claude Pompidou)2015Web based, mobile applicationFrench, English, ItalianMeMo is divided into two parts. The first part involves memory, which includes the following three activities: “recognition” for visual memory training, “MeMo quiz” for working memory training, and “faces” for associative memory training. The second part involves mental flexibility/attention, which includes the following three activities: “Arrows” for processing speed, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility training; “Tricky Cards” for working memory training; and “Jumping Squares” for reaction anticipation and inhibitory control training18
BrainHQCasual (puzzle, word game)Scientific group & commercial (Posit Science)2017Web based, mobile applicationMultiple languages: English, German, Japanese, etc.BrainHQ is comprised of 29 exercises, which target six areas of cognition: memory, attention, speed, people skills, navigation, and intelligence19
A video game taskCasual (puzzle, word game)Yoshida et al.2014PC basedEnglishTwo types of video game tasks for attentional training; one is a flow task and the other a control task. The task includes Square, Click Number, and Tower20
Caribbean Quest (CQ)Multiple genre: Scuba: platformers, Pirate Deli: simulation (cooking), Submarine: casual (puzzle), Wave: action (platformers), Squidditch: casual (puzzle))Scientific group (University of Victoria, funded as a special project by Kids Brain Health Network (NCE)2012PC basedEnglishThe CQ consists of five hierarchically structured, self-adjusting minigames that train WM, inhibitory control, selective attention, and sustained attention22
BrainasticCasual (puzzle)Commercial (Mindvivid Limited)2016Mobile phonesChineseBrainastic is an online application for cognitive training through video games and is performed on a tablet with each game targeting one of the five domains including 17 minigames (Forest of Memory, Catch the Star, Colored Light Bulbs, Master of Oriental Stitch, Conveyor Belt, Spot the Difference, Film Collector, Honey Haunters, Conquer the Ice, From Small to Big, Switch and Match, Piet Mondrian Mansion, Color or Shape, Save the Daruma, Pairing Detective, Fixing Pixels, Dance in the Rain24
RehAtt™Casual (puzzle)Fordell et al.2016VR on PC basedEnglishThe hardware creates a virtual 3D world. The robotic pen gives a guiding force feedback and a realistic touch sensation through vibrotactile feedback. The subject can see the robotic pen as a stick coming out of the screen. 3D objects can be moved, rotated, and manipulated, giving a sense of depth25
Video game therapy: “Kinect Adventures” and “Kinect Sports”Multiple: simulation (sport, adventure, action, Exergaming)Commercial (Microsoft Game Studios+Rare)2010Xbox 360 KinectEnglishPreselected games were chosen from “Kinect Adventures” and “Kinect Sports” that encompassed a wide range of motor activities in a standing position26
Space Fortress gameAction (shooter)Emanuel Donchin (Daniel Gopher’s laboratory)1984BBC Micro (PC)EnglishThe player, using a joystick, navigates their spaceship in a frictionless environment, shooting missiles at the Space Fortress to destroy it, while simultaneously monitoring and collecting bonus points that appear at the bottom of the screen and constantly dealing with diamond-shaped foe or friend mines that appear on the screen27
Virtual reality-based games: (a) Carnival Games: Monkey see Monkey do and (b) Kinect Adventures(a) Multiple: action, role-playing game (RPG), and party
(b) Multiple: adventure and simulation (sport)
Commercial ((a) Cat Daddy Games and (b) Microsoft Game Studios)(a) 2011
(b) 2010
VR on Xbox 360 KinectEnglish(a) Carnival Games: Wheel of Fortune, Strength Test, Court King, Granny Fling, Alley Ball, Ring Fling, Knockout Punch, Pig Race, Funnel Game, Crash Test Dummies, and Monkey see Monkey do
(b) Kinect Adventures: Space Pop and River Rush
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