Clinical Factors Predicting Voluntary Driving Cessation among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Table 1
Characteristics and scores of MoCA-J of patients with and without driving cessation.
Total ()‡
Driver (, 80.0%)‡
Retired driver (, 20.0%)‡
Age (years)
0.258
Female
22 (55.0)
17 (53.1)
5 (62.5)
0.634
Distance from a patient’s home to a hospital (km)
0.318
Distance from a patient’s home to a railway station (km)
0.785
Years of education (years)
0.560
H-Y
0.336
Disease duration (years)
0.042
Levodopa dose (mg)
0.447
Total anti-Parkinson drug dose† (mg)
0.544
The prevalence of freezing of gait (total)
15 (37.5)
8 (25.0)
7 (87.5)
0.001
The prevalence of freezing of gait (during driving)
1 (2.5)
1 (3.1)
0 (0.0)
0.613
The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness
12 (30.0)
8 (25.0)
4 (50.0)
0.168
ESS total score
0.311
MoCA-J total score
0.501
Memory
0.742
Visuospatial function
0.808
Executive function
0.670
Attention
0.086
Language
0.182
Orientation
0.872
Add one point if not educated for >12 years
0.492
† Levodopa equivalent dosage was calculated using the formula established by Tomlinson et al. [14]. ‡Continuous data are presented as , and noncontinuous data are presented as percentages. MoCA-J: the Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; H-Y: Hoehn-Yahr stage; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
