Elevation of Plasma Homocysteine and Minor Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of the PD-MH and PD-NH patients.

Variable		PD-MH	PD-NH	value
NMS-Quest,				661.5	0.001^a
	Gastrointestinal tract,			798.5	0.021^a
	Urinary tract,			1030.5	0.56^a
	Sexual function,			1087	0.876^a
	Cardiovascular,			949	0.2^a
	Apathy/attention/memory,			933	0.19^a
	Depression/anxiety/anhedonia,			808	0.019^a
	Sleep/fatigue,			742.5	0.006^a
	Pain (unrelated to other causes),			1101	0.972^a
	Miscellaneous (e.g., diplopia),			701.5	0.002^a
PDSS,				806	0.028^a
Modified RBDSQ (%)	<5			4.224	0.04^b
	≥5
MoCA,				1078	0.84^a
	Visuospatial/executive,			842	0.034^a
	Naming,			1088	0.47^a
	Attention,			1018	0.369^a
	Language,			993.5	0.082^a
	Abstraction,			1029.5	0.342^a
	Delayed memory,			1037.5	0.602^a
	Orientation,			1103	0.96^a
HAMA,				871	0.084^a
HAMD,				958.5	0.279^a
PDQ39,				806	0.028^a
Hcy,				671.5	0.001^a
Folate,				842	0.053^a
VB12,				1005	0.461^a

^aMann-Whitney test. ^bChi-square test. ^cThe scores were calculated from the NMS-Quest total score excluding the hallucinations/delusions domain score. ^dSignificant results are highlighted in bold (). SD: standard deviation; PD: Parkinson’s disease; MH: minor hallucination; NH: no hallucinations; NMS-Quest: Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire; PDSS: The PD Sleep Scale; RBDSQ: the REM sleep behavior disorder Sreening Questionnaire; MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. PDQ39: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39; Hcy: homocysteine; VB12: vitamin B12.