Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice

Figure 2

Effects of HFD and metformin on the display of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in mice. (a, b) HFD-fed mice buried more marbles and displayed more self-grooming compared to those in the ND group, suggesting enhanced repetitive behavior. (c) A HFD increased the total distance traversed in the open field test (OPT) but had no significant effect on time spent on the central area. (d) Mice from the ND entered more times into the open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Data are presented as (). , , and compared with the control group. Veh: vehicle.

(a) Marble burying

(b) Self-grooming

(c) Open field test

(d) Elevated plus maze