Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice

<div>HFD reprograms the gut microbiota. (a) Number of observed OTU index was significantly higher in the ND group. (b) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on an unweighted UniFrac matrix shows that the overall fecal microbiota composition is different between three groups. (c) Abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. The HFD group shows an increased F/B ratio. (d) Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method results on mouse gut microbiomes (LDA threshold of 4). (e) Heat map of the top 10 phyla in the three groups among three groups (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.69875pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 47.5708 8.69875" width="47.5708pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.567,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.103,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g></svg>).</span></div>

Behavioural Neurology

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice 

Figure 5 | Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice 