Graph Theoretical Analysis of Semantic Fluency in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Table 1
Demographic and clinical features, and neuropsychological measures of PD patients and healthy controls (means, standard deviations, and group differences).
Features/measures
PD patients ()
Healthy controls ()
Group differences ( values)
Female: Male
44 : 42
46 : 42
0.884
Age (years)
59.0 (9.5)
58.1 (7.0)
0.484
Education (years)
12.4 (3.2)
12.9 (2.4)
0.204
Montreal cognitive assessment
25.6 (2.4)
27.9 (1.4)
<0.001
Levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg)
243.3 (248.6)
—
—
Motor symptoms
Hoehn and Yahr scale
1.4 (0.5)
—
—
MDS-UPDRS III: Motor examination
21.8 (12.6)
—
—
Disease duration (years)
1.6 (2.2)
—
—
Duration of motor symptoms (years)
2.8 (2.4)
—
—
Other non-motor functions
MDS-UPDRS I: Non-motor experiences of daily living
5.3 (4.0)
—
—
Beck depression inventory-II
2.7 (2.0)
2.1 (1.7)
0.039
REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire
3.7 (2.0)
1.9 (1.8)
<0.001
Epworth sleep scale
3.1 (3.2)
3.2 (2.3)
0.820
Note: MDS-UPDRS, the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; group differences, values of two-sample t-tests, or Chi-square test as appropriate; asterisks (), a significant difference (two-tailed, Bonferroni correction for seven tests).
