The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Paradigms as Treatment Options for Recovery of Language Deficits in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia

Table 4

Short-term (one day posttreatment) and long-term (two months posttreatment) effects of cTBS on narration outcomes (i.e., functional communication) for participant 2.

Category	Participant 2
Lexical selection	Pre-TMS 1	Pre-TMS 2	Baseline	Post-TMS	Follow-up
Closed class	10	21	15.50	20	10
Nouns	3	3	3.00	4	1
Adjectives	4	7	5.50	11	4
Prepositions	4	7	5.50	6	1
Adverbs	1	4	2.50	16	5
Pronouns	11	8	9.50	14	18
Verbs	18	21	19.50	31	18
Sentence productivity
MLU	2.55	4.44	3.49	3.40	3.17
Elaboration index	1.06	1.75	1.40	1.21	1.53
Embedding index	0.00	0.31	0.16	0.10	0.17
Discourse productivity
Narrative words	51	71	61.00	102	57
Grammatical accuracy
Prop of S with V	18	16	17.00	29	15
Prop of U w/o V	2	0	1.00	0	2
Prop of single word U	0	0	0.00	1	1
Prop of well-formed U	0.94	0.75	0.85	0.79	0.33
AUX complexity index	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.00	1.00
Error types
Phonological	1	1	1.00	2	2
Morphosyntactic	2	0	1.00	2	1
Semantic	1	0	0.50	0	1
Lexical	2	2	2.00	3	3
Neologisms	0	0	0.00	0	0
Circumlocution	0	1	0.50	0	1
Phonological %	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04
Morphosyntactic %	0.04	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.02
Semantic %	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02
Lexical %	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05
Neologisms %:	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Circumlocution %	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.02
All errors %	0.12	0.06	0.08	0.07	0.14

Key: prop: proportion; s: sentences; V: verbs; U: utterances; w/o: without.