Research Article
The Orthographic Ambiguity of the Arabic Graphic System: Evidence from a Case of Central Agraphia Affecting the Two Routes of Spelling
Table 1
Performance of CHS and control participants on neuropsychological tests.
| Cognitive domain | CHS | Norms and control data |
| General cognition | MMSE (Arabic version) | | 26 | Short-term memory | Digit span forward-WAIS | | ONR | Constructional abilities | Copy of Rey-Osterrieth figure (/36) | | | Visuoperceptual functions | | | Length match task–BORB (30) | | | Object decision easy-BORB (32) | | | Object decision hard-BORB (32) | | | Executive functions | Trail making test | | | (i) Part A-time (sec) | | | (ii) Part B–time (sec) | | | Digit span backward-WAIS | | ONR | Hayling test | | | (i) Automatic condition (number of correct responses) | 14 | | (ii) Inhibition condition (number of correct responses) | | | Episodic memory | Immediate recall of Rey-Osterrieth figure (/36) | | |
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indicates a score below the norm, expressed in score; ONR: outside normal range; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III; BORB: Birmingham Object Recognition Battery. |