Research Article
The Orthographic Ambiguity of the Arabic Graphic System: Evidence from a Case of Central Agraphia Affecting the Two Routes of Spelling
Table 2
Performance of CHS and control participants, mean and (S.D.), on language tests.
| | Language domain | CHS | Controls | Modified -test/chi2 |
| | Verbal input analyses | | | | | Auditory discrimination (60) | | 59.2 (1.1) | ; | | Orthographic discrimination (78) | 77 (98.8%) | 77.6 (.89) | ; | | Lexical access | | | | | Orthographic lexical decision (120) | | 116.2 (1.5) | ; | | (i) Words (60) | | 59.4 (1.3) | ; | | (ii) Nonwords (60) | | 56.8 (1.9) | ; | | Auditory lexical decision (120) | | 118 (1) | ; | | (i) Words (60) | 59 (98.33%) | 60 (0) | ; | | (ii) Nonwords (60) | | 58 (1) | ; | | Phonological processing | | | | | Repetition | | | | | (i) Words (72) | 72 (100%) | 72 (00) | — | | (ii) Nonwords (40) | | 40 (00) | ; | | Auditory rhyming judgment task (64) | | 59.82 (4.14) | ; | | Written rhyming judgment task (64) | | 54.29 (5.78) | ; | | Semantic processing | | | | | Word-to-picture matching | | | | | (i) Auditory modality (30) | 30 (100%) | 30 (00) | — | | (ii) Written modality (30) | | 30 (00) | ; | | Semantic similarity judgment task | | | | | (i) Auditory modality (40) | | 39.37 (.95) | ; | | (ii) Written modality (40) | | 38.55 (1.23) | ; | | Spoken production | | | | | Spoken picture naming (76) | | 74 (.70) | ; |
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