Effect on Satisfactory Seizure Control and Heart Rate Variability of Thread-Embedding Acupuncture for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Patient-Assessor Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 4
The variation of the time and frequency domain of heart rate variability.
Stage
SDNN (median (IQR))
valueb
RMSSD (median (IQR))
valueb
LF (median (IQR))
valueb
HF (median (IQR))
valueb
TEA
STEA
valuea
TEA
STEA
TEA
STEA
valuea
TEA
STEA
TEA
STEA
valuea
TEA
STEA
TEA
STEA
valuea
TEA
STEA
T0
47.04 (41.32–67.65)
48.77 (36.40–65.34)
0.911
28.80 (22.17–32.66)
26.74 (19.75–38.38)
0.802
286.16 (234.14–438.04)
237.42 (135.49–561.92)
0.528
185.95 (116.42–357.08)
240.02 (145.06–364.64)
0.494
T1
55.41 (36.62–65.49)
53.02 (40.12–62.94)
0.993
0.773
0.532
27.98 (17.66–36.25)
25.33 (20.55–39.80)
0.993
0.719
0.962
333.83 (190.06–477.91)
264.58 (185.21–486.84)
0.870
0.885
0.719
241.21 (100.69–404.33)
272.03 (189.82–356.65)
0.484
0.755
0.866
T2
53.27 (32.89–74.31)
55.95 (38.2–64.17)
0.815
0.923
0.464
28.25 (17.99–37.70)
27.36 (21.39–37.26)
0.904
0.374
0.105
301.54 (214.58–609.25)
382.79 (217.72–485.23)
0.473
0.532
0.325
195.37 (138.69–385.37)
234.05 (165.21–376.97)
0.611
0.471
0.923
T3
48.95 (42.85–75.91)
53.42 (44.45–62.27)
0.742
0.118
0.486
28.27 (21.31–39.70)
27.98 (18.95–41.50)
0.938
0.230
0.471
342.68 (211.61–523.60)
409.73 (245.23–528.38)
0.647
0.773
0.414
252.31 (156.28–367.29)
250.67 (176.37–340.44)
0.924
0.259
0.361
T4
55.95 (42.59–74.46)
53.07 (46.35–67.77)
0.539
0.203
0.203
33.73 (24.6–46.14)
27.15 (23.54–45.75)
0.392
0.008
0.195
354.52 (283.66–506.74)
411.83 (289.04–545.48)
0.775
0.068
0.164
260.32 (201.21–357.26)
238.93 (211.00–394.77)
0.802
0.259
0.124
Note: SDNN: standard deviation of RR interval; RMSSD: root square root of mean squares of differences between RR intervals; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency; IQR: interquartile range; TEA: thread-embedding acupuncture; STEA: sham thread-embedding acupuncture; T0: baseline; T1-T3: the intervention; T4: follow-up. aMann–Whitney -test for comparisons of medians between the TEA and sham TEA groups. bWilcoxon signed rank-sum test for comparisons of median changes from baseline to each stage (T1–T4) in the TEA group and sham TEA group.
