Matrix Metalloproteinases Contribute to Neuronal Dysfunction in Animal Models of Drug Dependence, Alzheimer's Disease, and Epilepsy

Table 3

Changes in MMP and TIMP expression levels and activities induced by drugs of abuse.

Drug	MMP-2	MMP-9	TIMP-2	MMP-3	Method (expression/activity)	References
Methamphetamine (single treatment)	±	±	±	N.D.	mRNA/activity	[32, 33]
Methamphetamine (repeated treatment)	⇑	⇑	⇑	N.D.	mRNA/protein/activity	[32, 33]
Cocaine	N.D.	⇑	N.D.	±	Activity	[38]
Morphine	⇑	N.D.	⇑	N.D.	Protein/activity	Our unpublished data
Alcohol	N.D.	⇑	N.D.	N.D.	Protein	[39]
	⇑	⇑	⇓	N.D.	Protein/activity	[40]

±: no change; ⇑: significant increase versus control mice; N.D.: not determined.