A Nonhost Peptidase Inhibitor of ~14 kDa from Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Seeds Affects Negatively the Growth and Developmental Physiology of Helicoverpa armigera

Table 3

Mean reduction in weight, percent survival, antifeedant activity, deformities, and fecundity at varying concentration of BmPI (% w/w). Calculated LD₅₀ and ED₅₀ values have been shown. Number of larvae taken for study at each concentration (𝑛=52). Each measurement was done in four replicates.

BmPI dosage; (% w/w)	Weight; (mg)	Survival^$; (%)	Antifeedant activity (%)	Deformities (%)			Fecundity (𝑁=2)
				Pupae	Adult insects	Eggs	Reduction in egg laying/female (%)	Egg hatching (%)
Control	356 ± 1.91	98 ± 2.12	0.0	4.5 ± 0.3	2.67 ± 0.6	392	0.0	71
0.05	297 ± 0.89	89 ± 1.33	0.0	31.4 ± 0.9	35.90 ± 0.9	142	63.78	48
0.10**	178 ± 2.31	67 ± 1.78	0.0	70.6 ± 0.6	68.90 ± 0.6	82	79.08	21
0.50*	98 ± 1.23	50 ± 0.89	61.15 ± 2.12	92.5 ± 0.6	100	16	95.91	13

∗ Indicates LD₅₀ and **indicates ED₅₀; N: two pairs of moths (two males and two females).
^$Survival of larvae (%) = (number of insects alive in test/number of insects alive in control) × 100.
ED₅₀: concentration of inhibitor that decreased the larval mass by 50% compared to the control larvae.
LD₅₀: concentration of inhibitor that reduced the number of insects to 50% of those fed on control diet.