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| | | Key structures | Functions | References |
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Regulators | GEFs | Rabex-5 | Ubiquitin-binding domain, E3 ubiquitin ligase domain | Activation of Rab5 GTPases during endocytosis | [18] |
RME-6 | Vps9-domain | Regulation of clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating and delivery of endocytic cargo to early endosomes | [19, 20] |
RIN1 | Proline-rich domain, tyrosine 36 | Internalization, trafficking and degradation of activated receptors, cytoskeleton remodeling | [21] |
p85 | C-terminal and N-terminal domains | Activation of Rab5 GTPases during endocytosis, migration of cancer cells | [22–24] |
GAPs | Rab-GAP5 | Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16 domain | Inactivation of Rab5 GTPases during endocytosis and trafficking | [25] |
Tuberin | C-terminal domain | Inactivation of Rab5 GTPases during endocytosis and trafficking | [26] |
Armus/TBC-2 | PH domain | Inactivation of Rab5 to promote Rab5 to Rab7 conversion during endosome maturation | [27] |
|
Effectors | | EEA1 | C-terminal and N-terminal domains, C2H2 zinc finger domain | Fusion, docking and sorting of the early endosome | [28, 29] |
Rabaptin-5 | C-terminal domain | Fusion, docking and sorting of the early endosome | [30, 31] |
Rabenosyn-5 | N-terminal domain, C2H2 zinc finger domain, and FYVE finger domain | Regulation of macropinocytosis, initiation of tubular endocytosis and surface flattening | [32, 33] |
APPL1/2 | PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif | Stable cargo-sorting compartments, membrane traffic/signaling, cell proliferation | [33, 34] |
ZFYVE21 | FYVE-finger domain | Phosphoinositide remodeling of early endosome membranes to mediate signal activation and tissue inflammation | [35] |
Rabankyrin-5 | FYVE finger domain, ankyrin repeats | Formation of endosomes and remodeling of the apical plasma membrane | [36] |
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