Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Dissotis rotundifolia Whole Plant Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage

Figure 3

Photomicrographs represent histological sections of the gastric mucosa of rats pretreated with DRE and omeprazole before ulcer induction with ethanol. (a) Rats pretreated with vehicle without ulcerogen (normal control) showed normal gastric mucosa. (b) Rats treated with only ulcerogen (ethanol) without any form of drug treatment. The section displays extensive ulceration to the surface epithelium and with lesions penetrating deeply into mucosa accompanied by mark intra- and intermucosal hemorrhage (orange arrows; hi) with the presence of leukocyte (pink stains, see black arrowhead and red arrow) infiltration. Also, mucosal edemas (yellow asterisks) are seen within the mucosal layer. (c) Rats administered with 100 mg/kg DRE followed by ulcerogen (ethanol). The section shows reduced edema (yellow asterisk). (d) Rats administered with 300 mg/kg DRE followed by ulcerogen (ethanol). The section reveals normal gastric mucosa, which could be likened to the normal control group. (e) Rats administered with 500 mg/kg DRE followed by ulcerogen (ethanol) showed normal gastric mucosa. (f) Rats pretreated with omeprazole followed by ulcerogen (ethanol) showed normal gastric mucosa. H&E stain × 100.

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