The Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Watercress on the Levels of Protein Carbonyl, Inflammatory Markers, and Vitamin E in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Table 2
Comparison of changes in the oxidant-antioxidant parameters and inflammatory markers during the study period between the intervention and control groups.
Variable
Baseline
After 4 weeks
value
Net differences of groups
value
PCO
Control
22.19 ± 4.26
26.46 ± 7.72
0.022
4.26 ± 8.28
0.001
Intervention
20.33 ± 4.40
15.06 ± 6.41
0.006
−5.26 ± 8.34
NO
Control
9.12 ± 5.88
14.25 ± 9.41
0.060
5.12 ± 11.97
0.525
Intervention
12.25 ± 7.66
15.00 ± 12.10
0.312
2.75 ± 11.46
hs-CRP
Control
10508.52 ± 5479.98
9104.60 ± 4901.67
0.142
−1403.91 ± 4425.17
0.785
Intervention
8953.30 ± 5588.06
7249.86 ± 5091.62
0.007
−1703.43 ± 2770.61
TNF-α
Control
15.95 (15.17, 16.66)
15.87 (14.75, 16.22)
0.330
−11.00 (−2.30, 0.59)
0.276
Intervention
15.96 (15.16, 16.66)
15.94 (15.44, 16.53)
0.615
0.37 (−1.31, 1.28)
IL-6
Control
58.24 (55.19, 61.12)
56.57 (53.05, 62.63)
0.738
−2.66 (−7.21, 12.42)
0.196
Intervention
60.10 (55.99, 73.10)
55.21 (53.39, 60.48)
0.050
−7.27 (−21.33, 1.96)
Vit E
Control
740.00 ± 104.12
594.07 ± 86.91
0.001
−145.92 ± 157.84
0.218
Intervention
703.05 ± 73.91
607.86 ± 69.22
0.001
−95.18 ± 102.56
Values are mean ± SD for the data with normal distribution and median (interquartile ranges) for the data not normally distributed. PCO: protein carbonyl; NO metabolite: nitric oxide metabolite; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; Vit E: vitamin E.
