A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a Drug Combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Azithromycin, Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Doxycycline, and Azithromycin-Hydroxychloroquine for Patients Diagnosed with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Infections
Table 1
The baseline physical characteristics and clinical laboratory data of enrolled subjects who completed treatment during the study.
Total (n = 751)
Control
A
B
C
D
E
value
Disease severity
Mild, n (%)
115 (96.6)
120 (93.8)
113 (91.1)
113 (93.4)
117 (90.0)
116 (89.9)
0.303
Moderate, n (%)
4 (3.4)
8 (6.3)
11 (8.9)
8 (6.6)
13 (10.0)
13 (10.1)
Gender
Male
716 (95.3)
113 (95.0)
123 (96.1)
119 (96.0)
118 (97.5)
119 (91.5)
124 (96.1)
Female
35 (4.7)
6 (5.0)
5 (3.9)
5 (4.0)
3 (2.5)
11 (8.5)
5 (3.9)
0.305
Age (in years)
Median
37#
37
37#
36#
37
37#
0.105
Minimum
23
32
26
32
21
20
Maximum
55
49
49
51
55
45
Laboratory examination
Median AST (U/L, minimum–maximum)
27 (13–69)
25 (12–78)
26 (12–78)
25 (5–68)
26 (13–65)
26 (13–213)
0.159
Median ALT (U/L, minimum–maximum)
34 (12–144)
32 (16–142)
33 (3–106)
31 (14–141)
36 (11–116)
35 (7–337)
0.317
Median creatinine serum (mg/dL. minimum–maximum)
0.96 ± 0.13
0.94 (0.68–1.34)
0.96 ± 0.12
0.95 (0.77–1.51)
0.98 ± 0.50
0.98 ± 0.12
0.712
BUN level (mg/dL)
10.7 ± 2.2
11.3 ± 1.8
11.1 (6.4–15.8)
11.2 (7.2–18.6)
11.1 ± 2.3
11.1 ± 2.1
C-reactive protein (CRP)
2.0 (0.1–69.1)
1.5 (0.1–35.2)
1.0 (0.1–32.4)
1.5 (0.1–43.7)
1.0 (0.0–77.3)
1.2 (0.1–65.1)
0.026
D-dimer
203 (99–1,085)
166.5 (73–776)
177 (84–981)
176 (63–18,460)
191 (75–4,474)
180 (53–2,393)
0.078
χ2 = 6.031; χ2 = 3.952; #significant difference from Group D. Control group: 1 × 500 mg azithromycin per day; Group A: 2 × 200/50 mg lopinavir/ritonavir + 1 × 500 mg azithromycin per day; Group B: 2 × 200/50 mg lopinavir/ritonavir + 2 × 100 mg doxycycline per day; Group C: 2 × 100 mg hydroxychloroquine + 1 × 500 mg azithromycin per day; Group D: 2 × 400/100 mg lopinavir/ritonavir + 1 × 500 mg azithromycin per day; Group E: 2 × 400/100 mg lopinavir/ritonavir + 2 × 100 mg doxycycline per day; AST: aspartate aminotransferase serum; ALT: alanine aminotransferase serum; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; D-dimer: fibrin degradation fragment.
