Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Stem Bark Essential Oil and Extracts of Solanecio gigas

Table 2

Phytochemical analysis of S. gigas stem bark methanolic extract.

Compounds	Formation	Stem bark
Steroids	The development of greenish coloration indicates the presence of steroids	+
Flavonoids	Formation of intense yellow color, which becomes colorless on the addition of dilute acid, indicates the presence of flavonoids	++
Saponins	Formation of foam indicates the presence of saponins	++
Tannins	The black color indicates the presences tannins	+++
Anthraquinone	The violet color shows the presence of anthraquinone	+
Sugars	—	−
Terpenoids	Grayish color formation indicates the presence of terpenoids	++
Phenolic compounds	Phenolic compound was confirmed by the development of a greenish black color	+++
Alkaloids	Formation of pale-yellow precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids in the sample	+++
Glycoside	A reddish brown colour indicated the presence of the steroidal ring, i.e., the glycone portion of the glycoside	+

Key: +++ indicates the presence of very intensive compounds, ++ indicates the presence of intensive compounds, + indicates the presence of less intensive compounds, − absent.