Safety and Efficacy of Erythropoietin in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Table 1

Characteristics of patients receiving erythropoietin or placebo.

Characteristic (SD)	EPO	Placebo	𝑃-value
	(𝑛 = 11)	(𝑛 = 5)
Age	35 (19)	40 (26)	NS
Male	73%	60%	NS
Admit GCS	4.7 (3.3)	8.8 (5.3)	.04
Admit SBP	130 (33)	115 (26)	NS
Admit HR	91 (18)	78 (18)	NS
ICU GCS	11 (3.6)	9.8 (4.9)	NS
Sedation on arrival	73%	40%	NS
ISS	27 (8.4)	21.6 (8.4)	NS
Head AIS	4 (0.6)	3.8 (0.4)	NS
Midline shift (mm)	2.0 (3.4)	0 (0)	𝑃=.12
EAH grade	6.0 (8.1)	0.3 (0.6)	𝑃=.07
SDH grade	4.2 (7.3)	0 (0)	𝑃=.12
EDH grade	1.8 (5.3)	0.3 (0.6)	NS
ICH grade	11.5 (12.7)	5.6 (9.0)	NS
SAH grade	3.2 (1.0)	3 (1.4)	NS

GCS: Glascow Coma Score, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, HR: Heart Rate, ICU GCS: first recorded GCS in the ICU, ISS: Injury Severity Score, AIS: Abbreviated Injury Severity Score, EAH: Extra-axial Hemorrhage, SDH: Subdural Hemorrhage, EDH: Epidural Hemorrhage, ICH: Intracranial Hemorrhage, SAH: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.