Age (years) Diabetes Hypertension Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) Heart failure Sepsis/ SIRS Nephrotoxic drugs Severity of disease Hypotension/ shock Pressors/ inotropes High risk surgery/ emergency surgery Cardiopulmonary bypass time (minutes) IABP Hilberman 1979 [43 ]
Wilkins 1983 [53 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
N/A N/A Corwin 1989 [37 ]
⚪ ⚪
⚪ ⚪ Boucher 1990 [32 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
⚪
N/A N/A Groeneveld 1991 [42 ] ⊙
N/A N/A N/A Tran 1994 [51 ] ⚪
N/A N/A Zanardo 1994 [54 ] ⊙
⊙
⊙ Ward 1996 [52 ]
⊙ ⊙ N/A N/A N/A Vivino 1998 [5 ] ⊙ ⚪ ⚪ ⊙
N/A N/A Mangano 1998 [48 ] ⊙ ⊙!
⊙ ⊙ ⊙
⊙
Conlon 1999 [36 ] ⊙ ⊙ ⊙
⊙
De Mendonça 2000 [4 ] ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⚪ N/A N/A Ficher et al., 2002 [40 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
Clermont 2002 [35 ] ⚪
N/A N/A Bove 2004 [33 ] ⊙
⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ Bahar 2005 [30 ] ⊙
⊙ ⊙ Chawla 2005 [34 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⊙ ⚪
⚪ ⚪ N/A N/A Loef 2005 [46 ]
⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
Mataloun 2006 [49 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
⚪ ⚪ ⊙
⚪ N/A N/A Hoste 2006 [6 ] ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ N/A N/A Landoni 2007 [45 ] ⊙ ⚪ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙
Barrantes 2008 [31 ]
N/A N/A N/A Bagshaw et al., 2008 [28 ]
N/A N/A Bagshaw 2008 [29 ]
N/A N/A Dasta 2008 [38 ] ⚪
*
⚪
⚪
*
Abelha 2009 [27 ]
⚪ ⊙
⊙ N/A N/A De Araújo Brito 2009 [39 ] ⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪
Thakar 2009 [50 ]
N/A N/A Hobson 2009 [44 ]
⚪ ⚪
Machado 2009 [47 ]
⚪ ⚪ Gomes 2010 [41 ] ⚪
N/A N/A Number of studies pooled for Meta-analysis 26 15 9 10 14 8 7 10 8 7 10 9 11 Number of patients 172,710 359,163 347,484 31,740 346,503 122,240 2,341 133,668 5,046 18,418 147,384 27,984 33,198 OR (95% CI) 1.52 [1.27, 1.82] 1.15 [0.76, 1.74] 1.97 [1.65, 2.35] 3.56 [1.85, 6.85] 1.54 [1.14, 2.08] 2.89 [1.54, 5.42] 4.75 [2.51, 8.99] 2.34 [1.59, 3.43] 3.29 [2.21, 4.91] Mean difference (95% CI) 5.36 [3.72, 6.99] 0.22 [0.02, 0.41] 7.09 [4.86, 9.32] 27.92 [14.41, 41.43]
97% 80% 96% 99% 74% 95% 42% 100% 84% 88% 94% 94% 80%
∗ Cases and controls were matched on age and APACHE III. ! Only type 1 diabetes assessed. SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump, CI: confidence interval, OR: odds ratio.
Risk assessed, no significant difference between groups.
Risk assessed, significant difference between groups in unadjusted comparison.
Risk assessed, significant difference between groups in adjusted comparison. N/A: not applicable (risk assessed only for cardiac surgery studies).