Acute Kidney Injury after Major Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Table 2
Characteristics of patients with postoperative AKI () and with no postoperative AKI ().
Variable
No AKI ()
AKI ()
Preoperative characteristics
Age (years)
60.6 (15.7)
71.1 (13.2)
<0.0001
Male (%)
168 (48.1)
59 (58.4)
0.069
Caucasian (%)
335 (96)
96 (95)
0.679
Diabetes mellitus (%)
62 (17.8)
22 (21.8)
0.362
Hypertension (%)
168 (48.1)
57 (56.4)
0.142
Ischemic heart disease (%)
32 (9.2)
22 (21.8)
0.001
Congestive heart failure (%)
14 (4)
11 (10.9)
0.008
Cerebrovascular disease (%)
13 (3.7)
16 (15.8)
<0.0001
COPD (%)
13 (3.7)
12 (11.9)
<0.0001
Cirrhosis (%)
7 (2)
2 (1.9)
0.987
Solid malignancy (%)
135 (38.7)
55 (54.5)
0.005
Hematological malignancy (%)
6 (1.7)
2 (1.9)
0.861
ASA IV/V (%)
23 (6.6)
15 (14.9)
0.009
RCRI score
1.2 (0.5)
1.6 (0.8)
<0.0001
Nonrenal RCRI score
1.2 (0.4)
1.5 (0.8)
<0.0001
Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL)
11.3 (1.7)
10.5 (1.6)
<0.0001
Preoperative SCr (mg/dL)
0.9 (0.4)
1.2 (0.7)
<0.0001
Urgency surgery (%)
75 (21.5)
26 (25.7)
0.367
Type of surgery
Laparoscopy (%)
47 (13.5)
8 (7.9)
0.134
Laparotomy (%)
297 (85.1)
93 (92)
0.07
Colorectal (%)
160 (45.8)
62 (61.4)
0.006
Gastric (%)
71 (20.3)
14 (13.9)
0.143
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic1 (%)
55 (15.8)
10 (9.9)
0.140
Small bowel (%)
14 (4)
5 (4.9)
0.679
Esophageal (%)
8 (2.3)
3 (2.9)
0.698
Other surgery (%)
41 (11.7)
7 (6.9)
0.167
Intraoperative characteristics
Duration of anestesia (min.)
218 (92)
244 (121)
0.021
IOH (number of records)
0.9 (1.7)
1.6 (2.1)
<0.0001
Crystalloids without colloids (%)
80 (29)
21 (12)
<0.0001
Amount of Crystalloids (L)
2.3 (1.3)
2.3 (1.3)
0.905
Crystalloids and colloids (%)
21 (12)
80 (29)
<0.0001
Amount of Crystalloids (L)
2.2 (1.1)
2.5 (1.5)
0.054
Amount of colloids (L)
0.4 (0.3)
0.7 (0.4)
<0.0001
Erythrocytes (units)
0.4 (0.5)
1 (1)
<0.0001
Vasoactive drugs use (%)
55 (15.8)
25 (24.8)
0.037
SAPS II
19.1 (10.9)
34.3 (21.3)
<0.0001
Nonrenal SAPS II
17.1 (9.6)
28.4 (17.6)
<0.0001
Fluid balance (liters)2
2.4 (2.2)
2.6 (2.4)
0.475
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists. RCRI: Revised Cardiac Risk Index. SCr: serum creatinine. IOH: intraoperative hypotension. SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score, version II. 1Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery includes gallbladder surgery (), hepatic surgery (), pancreatic surgery (), and bile ducts surgery (). 2Fluid balance within the first two postoperative days.
