Gram-Negative Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units of Latin America and the Caribbean

Table 1

Infection rates in ICUs of Argentinian and Brazilian hospitals.

Reference	Study design	Location	Year of study	Number of patients	Rate of infection
Lossa et al. 2008 [16]	Cross-sectional, multicenter	Argentina nationwide	2004 and 2005	356	(i) Pooled prevalence, 24% (95% CI, 20%–29%); (a) Pneumonia, 43%; (b) BSI, 21%; (c) UTI, 13%
Luna et al. 2003 [17]	Prospective, multicenter	Buenos Aires, Argentina	1999–2001	472	(i) VAP incidence, 63/472 (13%)
Toufen Junior et al. 2003 [18]	1-day point prevalence	São Paulo, Brazil	2000	126	(i) Overall prevalence, 72/126 (57%); (a) CAI, 15/72 (21%); (b) Non-ICU nosocomial infection, 24/72 (33%); (c) ICU-acquired infection, 22/72 (31%); (d) Undefined, 11/72 (15%)
de Queiroz Guimarães and Rocco 2006 [19]	Prospective observational	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	1999–2001	278	(i) VAP prevalence, 38% (36 cases/1000 ventilator days)
Lima et al. 2007 [20]	Prospective observational	São Paulo, Brazil	2006	71	(i) Prevalence, 47/71 (66%)
da Rocha et al. 2008 [21]	Prospective observational	Uberlândia, Brazil	2005-2006	275	(i) VAP prevalence, 31% (25 cases/1000 ventilator days)
Rodrigues et al. 2009 [22]	Prospective observational	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	2005–2007	233	(i) VAP prevalence, 27% (17 cases/1000 ventilator days)
de Oliveira et al. 2010 [23]	Prospective observational	Minas Gerais, Brazil	2005–2008	2300	(i) CAI, 437/2300 (19%); (a) 284 (12%) patients colonized by resistant microorganisms during ICU hospitalization, 61% of whom developed an infection; (ii) Nosocomial infection, 311/2300 (14%); (a) 84/311 (27%) owing to resistant pathogens

ICU: intensive care unit, CI: confidence interval, BSI: bloodstream infection, UTI: urinary tract infection, VAP: ventilator-acquired pneumonia, and CAI: community-acquired infection.