Gram-Negative Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units of Latin America and the Caribbean

Table 2

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for crude mortality and acquisition of drug-resistant Gram-negative infections in Latin American ICUs.

Outcome	Risk factor	OR (95% CI)	P value	Reference
Crude mortality	Inadequate antibiotic treatment	70.5	<0.00001	Zaidi et al. 2002 [24]
	Development of VAP	7.7	0.004
Colistin-susceptible VAP	Overall ICU stay, 40 days	31.6 (31.5–495.9)	0.014
	Duration of prior antimicrobial therapy >10 days	13.2 (2.2–78.7)	0.005	Rios et al. 2007 [25]
	Previous episode of VAP	6.0 (1.0–35.7)	0.047
Imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa	Previous ICU stay	3.54 (1.3–9.7)	0.03	Furtado et al. 2009 [26]
HAP by imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa	Piperacillin/tazobactam	14.31 (1.0–200.2)	0.04	Furtado et al. 2010 [27]
	Third-generation cephalosporin	7.45 (1.8–30.9)	0.006
Antimicrobial resistance to Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa	Prior exposure to antimicrobial agents	NR	<0.05	Weyland et al. 2011 [28]

ICU: intensive care unit, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia, HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia, and NR: not reported.