Additional Analgesia for Central Venous Catheter Insertion: A Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl

Table 2

Adverse outcomes and sedation score during the study period.

Adverse events	Dexmedetomidine ()	Fentanyl ()	Placebo ()	values
Hypotension ()	3	0	0	0.046
Bradycardia ()	5	2	0	0.049
Desaturation ()	0	1	0	0.343
Nausea ()	0	1	0	0.343
Observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation score, median (interquartile range 25–75).
BL	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	1.000
LAI	4 (3–5)	4 (3–5)	5 (5-5)	0.001
PP3	4 (3–5)	5 (4-5)	5 (5-5)	0.001
PP10	4 (3-4)	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.000
PP60	5 (4-5)	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.060

: number of patients.
versus placebo; versus fentanyl.
Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale: 0, does not respond to deep stimulus; 1, does not respond to mild prodding or shaking; 2, responds only after mild prodding or shaking; 3, responds only after name is called loudly and/or repeatedly; 4, lethargic response to name spoken in normal tone; 5, responds readily to name spoken in normal tone (alert); 6, agitated.
BL, before starting study drug infusion; LAI, after initial LA injection; PP3, immediately after the CVCI, the patient was asked to report the peak pain experienced during the procedure; PP10, 10 min after completion of the procedure; and PP60, 60 min after completion of the procedure.