The Development of Intensive Care Unit Acquired Hypernatremia Is Not Explained by Sodium Overload or Water Deficit: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Water Balance and Sodium Handling

Table 1

Baseline characteristics balance study. sNa: serum sodium concentration.

	s[Na] < 143 mmol/L	s[Na] ≥ 143 mmol/L	value
Number of patients, (%)	50 ()	47 ()
Male gender, (%)	34 ()	29 ()	0.53
Age, years	66 61–73	67 57–77	0.57
APACHE IV-score	58 44–77	68 56–101	0.01
SOFA score on admission	6 4–8	7 4–10	0.16
Reason for admission, (%)
Cardiovascular surgery	25 ()	14 ()	0.07
Sepsis	4 ()	7 ()
Elective surgery	3 ()	2 ()
Emergency surgery	10 ()	5 ()
Cardiopulmonary	4 ()	8 ()
resuscitation
Miscellaneous	4 ()	11 ()
Serum sodium on admission, mmol/L	138 136–140	138 136–140	0.25
Serum creatinine on admission, µmol/L	93 71–117	85 69–113	0.55
Serum urea on admission, mmol/L	7 5–7	6 5–8	0.44

APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Data are presented as median [IQR] or as absolute numbers (%).