The Development of Intensive Care Unit Acquired Hypernatremia Is Not Explained by Sodium Overload or Water Deficit: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Water Balance and Sodium Handling
Table 2
Main results balance study.
s[Na] < 143 mmol/L
s[Na] ≥ 143 mmol/L
value
Length of stay, days
4 3–5
7 4–15
<0.001
SOFA score after 24 hours
6 4–7
8 5–10
0.02
SOFA score after 48 hours
5 3–6
7 4–10
<0.001
Fluid intake after 24 hours, L
4.4 3.7–5.6
3.8 2.9–6.3
0.54
Fluid intake after 48 hours, L
7.5 6–9.2
6.9 5.3–9.2
0.59
Fluid balance after 24 hours, L1
2 1–2.8
1.6 0.6–3.7
0.78
Fluid balance after 48 hours, L1
2.3 1–3.7
2.5 0.8–4.2
0.77
Sodium intake after 24 hours, grams
9.6 6.9–11.8
9.7 5.9–15.8
0.70
Sodium intake after 48 hours, grams
12.5 9.3–17.5
15.8 9–21.9
0.13
Serum creatinine after 24 hours, µmol/L
87 66–130
81 65–110
0.40
Serum creatinine after 48 hours, µmol/L
79 60–116
77 61–121
0.91
Serum urea after 24 hours, mmol/L
8 6–10
7 5–11
0.47
Serum urea after 48 hours, mmol/L
8 6–12
9 5–13
0.71
Number of patients on furosemide after 24 h
5
4
1
Total dose furosemide after 24 h, mg
20 20–60
60 25–400
0.29
Number of patients on furosemide after 48 h
18
15
0.83
Total dose furosemide after 48 h, mg
30 20–60
40 20–60
0.19
sNa: serum sodium concentration; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. 1Fluid balances are as extracted from the patient data management system, minus 500 mL of expected insensible loss per day of admission. Data are presented as median [IQR] or as absolute numbers (%).
