The Development of Intensive Care Unit Acquired Hypernatremia Is Not Explained by Sodium Overload or Water Deficit: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Water Balance and Sodium Handling

Table 4

Baseline characteristics renal cation excretion study.

	Group 1 (uNa + uK < sNa)	Group 2 (uNa + uK ≥ sNa)	value
Number of patients, (%)	99 ()	16 ()
Male gender, (%)	74 ()	9 ()	0.14
Age, years	67 57–74	63 42–70	0.44
APACHE IV-score	88 68–116	62 51–80	0.02
SOFA score on admission	8 7–11	7 5–9	0.26
Reason for admission, (%)
Cardiovascular surgery	18 ()	2 ()	0.74
Sepsis	33 ()	6 ()
Elective surgery	6 ()	3 ()
Emergency surgery	5 ()	0 ()
Cardiopulmonary	12 ()	0 ()
resuscitation
Miscellaneous	25 ()	5 ()
Serum sodium on admission, mmol/L	137 135–139	139 136–141	0.16
Serum creatinine on admission, µmol/L	94 79–129	78 72–105	0.22
Serum urea on admission, mmol/L	8 6–12	7 5–8	0.05

uNa: urine sodium concentration; uK: urine potassium concentration; sNa: serum sodium concentration; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Data are presented as median [IQR] or as absolute numbers (%).