Challenges with Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units in South Africa

Table 1

Standards and criteria relating to prevention of healthcare-associated infections.

Domains	Subdomains for patient safety, clinical governance, and care	Standards for infection prevention and control	Criteria for infection prevention and control program
(i) Patient rights	(i) Patient care	(i) Infection prevention and control program is in place to reduce healthcare associated infections	(i) Infection prevention and control policy outlines health establishment’s approach to managing healthcare-associated infections
(ii) Patient safety, clinical governance, and care	(ii) Clinical management for improved health outcomes	(ii) Specific precautions to prevent the spread of respiratory infections	(ii) A qualified health professional is responsible for infection control
(iii) Clinical support services	(iii) Clinical leadership	(iii) Standard precautions to prevent healthcare-associated infections	(iii) A formal surveillance and reporting system is in place
(iv) Public health	(iv) Clinical risk	(iv) Strict infection control practices are observed in the designated infant feed preparation areas	(iv) A formal system is in place to monitor infection prevention and control and ensure appropriate actions are taken to minimise infection rates
(v) Leadership and corporate governance	(v) Adverse events		(v) Reporting of healthcare- associated infections and notifiable diseases
(vi) Operational management	(vi) Infection prevention and control		(vi) Education of staff, patients, family, and other caregivers on infection control practices
(vii) Facilities and infrastructure