Utilisation of Intermediate Care Units: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Summary of study characteristics of intermediate care units.

Authors, country of origin	Name of unit	Number of; HDU beds	Location	Specialties	Format; (O/C)	Patients; per nurse
Armstrong et al. (2003) [21], Armstrong et al. (2015) [5], the Netherlands	MCU	9	I	Su, M	C	2.5
Bannister et al. (2016) [22], UK	HDU	2	W	Su	O	0.67
Batra et al. (2001) [23], UK	HDU	6	S	Su	O	x
Bellomo et al. (2005) [24], Australia	HDU	4	A	Su, M	C	2
Betten et al. (2016) [25], Norway	HDU	x	x	x	x	x
Coggins and de Cossart (1996) [26], Coggins and Infirmary (1998) [27], UK	HDU	6	x	Su	O	2
Confalonieri et al. (2015) [28], Italy	IMCU	15	x	M	x	4
Crosby and Rees (1983) [29], Crosby et al. (1990) [30]. UK	HDU	7	x	Su, M	O	2
Daud-Gallotti et al. (2012) [31], Ranzani et al. (2014) [32], Brazil	IMCU	11	S	Su, M	C	11
Davies et al. (1999) [33], UK	HDU	4	x	Su	O	x
Dhond et al. (1998) [34], UK	HDU	6	A	Su, M	C	x
Eachempati et al. (2004) [35], USA	SDU	4	A	Su	C	4
Edbrooke (1996) [36], UK	HDU	4	A	Su	C	x
Fox et al. (1999) [37], UK	HDU	4	A	X	x	2
Fujii et al. (2016) [38], Japan	IMCU	8	I	Su	C	x
Ghosh et al. 2004 [39], UK	HDU	6	S	Su	O	1.5
Gould et al. (2010) [40], Australia	HDU	8	A	Su, M	C	2
Harding (2009) [41], USA	IMCU	16	S	Su, M	O	3
Helm and Newman (1992) [42], UK	HDU	4	x	Su	O	2
Hilton et al. (1993) [43], USA	SDU	4	S	Su	O	2.5
Hravnak et al. (2008) [44], Hravnak et al. (2011) [45], Yousef et al. (2012) [46], USA	SDU	24	x	Su	x	6
Innocenti et al. (2014) [47], Italy	HDU	x	x	ED	C	x
Jones et al. (1992) [48], Jones et al. (1999) [49], UK	HDU	6	S	Su	O	2
Kalayi et al. (2001) [50], UK	HDU	4	x	Su	x	x
Keegan et al. (2008) [51], USA	PCU	x	S	Su	O	4
LeVasseur and Calder (1995) [52], Australia	HDU	4	x	Su	x	x
Lucena et al. (2012) [8], Lucena et al. (2013) [53], Alegre et al. (2015) [54], Martinez-Urbistondo et al. (2015) [55], Spain	IMCU	9	A	Su, M	C	3
Nehra et al. (1994) [56], UK	HDU	8	I	Su	x	2
Pilling et al. (2004) [57], UK	HDU	x	x	Su	O	x
Pirret (2002) [58], New Zealand	HDU	3	I	Su	O	3
Potena et al. (2004) [59], Italy	IMCU	x	x	M	x	x
Richards et al. (2012) [60], USA	IMCU	x	S	Su	O	x
Robertson et al. (2011) [19], UK	HDU	10	S	Su, M	O	x
Robertson et al. (2011) [19] UK	x	10	S	Su, M	C	x
Shum et al. (2013) [61], Canada	SDU	x	W	Su, M	O	2
Solberg et al. (2008) [62], Solberg et al. (2014) [63], the Netherlands	IMCU	6	A	Su, M	C	3
Torres et al. (2006) [64], Spain	IMCU	20	A	Su, M	x	x
Yoo et al. (2015) [20], USA	PCU	10	A	M	C	3.5
Yoo et al. (2015) [20], USA	x	15	S	M	O	3.5

This Intermediate Care Unit was described in the same article as the one before, after changing its management format. This Intermediate Care Unit was described in the same article as the one before, after changing its location and management format.
This table shows a summary of the characteristics of the included Intermediate Care Units.
MCU = Medium Care Unit; HDU = High Dependency Unit; IMCU = Intermediate Care Unit; PCU = Progressive Care Unit; SDU = step-down unit; I = integrated in ICU; W = part of ward; A = adjacent to ICU; S = separate; Su = surgical patients; M = medical patients; O = open; C = closed.