Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Quadriceps and Diaphragm in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the patients included in the study.
Variables
CG ()
DG ()
QG ()
Age, years
42.4 ± 12.74
41.3 ± 24.26
48.8 ± 19.69
0.258
Male (%)
20 (76.9%)
15 (88.2%)
18 (75%)
0.606
BMI (kg/m2)
24.9 ± 2.85
27.5 ± 15.0
25.2 ± 3.03
0.572
APACHE II score (admission)
18.9 ± 1.93
17.9 ± 3.68
18.7 ± 4.01
0.616
Cause of hospitalization, n (%)
Medical, nonneurological
1 (3.9%)
0
5 (20.8%)
0.042
Medical, neurological
9 (34.6%)
3 (17.6%)
4 (16.6%)
Traumatic brain injury
10 (38.5%)
12 (70.6%)
6 (25%)
Trauma, nonneurological
0
1 (5.9%)
5 (20.8%)
Postoperative emergency surgery
4 (15.4%)
0
2 (8.4%)
Postoperative elective surgery
2 (7.6%)
1 (5.9%)
2 (8.4%)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Smoker
8 (30.7%)
5 (29.4%)
7 (29.1%)
Alcohol use
6 (23%)
4 (23.5%)
5 (20.8%)
COPD
8 (30.7%)
5 (29.4%)
7 (29.1%)
0.999
Asthma
3 (11.5%)
1 (5.8%)
2 (8.3%)
CHF
5 (19.2%)
3 (17.6%)
2 (8.3%)
Hypertension
8 (30.7%)
5 (29.4%)
7 (29.1%)
Diabetes mellitus
7 (26.9%)
2 (11.7%)
3 (12.5%)
APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CG, control group; DG, diaphragm group; QG, quadriceps group; SD, standard deviation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD ().
