Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Quadriceps and Diaphragm in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Data of the groups and evolution according to causes of admission: neurological (medical, surgical, or trauma) and non-neurological.
Neurological
Nonneurological
CG ()
DG ()
QG ()
CG ()
DG ()
QG ()
(i) Sedation (hours)
114.9 ± 115.51
95.8 ± 72.89
119.7 ± 121.52
0.866
79.5 ± 67.28
13.5 ± 19.09
54.5 ± 37.14
0.222
(ii) IMV duration (hours)
212.0 ± 151.95
207.2 ± 96.83
198.2 ± 124.96
0.963
161.4 ± 76.96
144.0 ± 24.04
104.2 ± 37.57
0.028
(iii) Minute volume (L/min), first
10.4 ± 5.1
11.9 ± 5.5
11.3 ± 5.7
0.598
8.3 ± 6.3
10.4 ± 2.9
9.7 ± 3.8
0.766
(iv) Minute volume (L/min), extubation day
13.5 ± 7.1
14.9 ± 7.7
15.1 ± 7.4
0.609
11.9 ± 8.6
17.5 ± 14.1
11.8 ± 4.3
0.444
(v) First MIP (cmH2O)
−24.2 ± 11.21
−24.0 ± 10.38
−24.5 ± 13.83
0.701
−25.7 ± 21.29
−17.5 ± 17.67
−20.0 ± 10.00
0.910
(vi) MIP, extubation day (cmH2O)
−25.5 ± 8.80
−28.3 ± 16.10
−33.0 ± 9.48
0.158
−27.1 ± 12.86
−35.0 ± 7.07
−29.2 ± 11.57
0.710
(vii) RSBI, extubation day (rpm/l)
54.7 ± 22.44
41.9 ± 19.48
51.5 ± 26.05
0.251
50.4 ± 17.40
60.0 ± 2.72
60.7 ± 30.59
0.700
(viii) Barthel
15.7 ± 14.16
24.3 ± 25.55
32.5 ± 32.42
0.185
15.7 ± 14.84
20.0 ± 28.28
46.4 ± 28.04
0.035
(ix) FSS-ICU
14.0 ± 6.87
21.4 ± 9.47
23.8 ± 13.53
0.020
16.2 ± 11.01
23.0 ± 19.79
33.0 ± 10.33
0.013
In-bed transfers
2.3 ± 1.56
3.2 ± 1.42
3.5 ± 1.84
0.115
2.1 ± 1.34
3.5 ± 3.53
5.2 ± 1.84
0.006
Supine-to-sit transfer
2.0 ± 1.31
3.2 ± 1.47
3.5 ± 1.90
0.028
2.1 ± 1.77
3.0 ± 2.82
5.0 ± 1.61
0.006
Sitting at the bedside
2.4 ± 1.54
3.6 ± 1.44
4.0 ± 1.88
0.028
2.4 ± 2.07
3.0 ± 2.82
5.4 ± 1.60
0.005
Unsupported sitting
3.7 ± 1.65
4.9 ± 1.57
4.4 ± 2.06
0.170
3.2 ± 1.97
4.5 ± 2.12
5.9 ± 1.20
0.004
Locomotion
1.0 ± 1.20
2.2 ± 1.79
2.7 ± 2.40
0.027
1.4 ± 1.71
3.0 ± 2.82
4.3 ± 2.09
0.019
(x) GCS at ICU discharge
13.0 ± 1.59
12.8 ± 1.82
12.3 ± 1.94
0.596
13.2 ± 1.88
12.5 ± 3.53
14.0 ± 1.51
0.451
(xi) First MRC
37.5 ± 4.64
33.9 ± 5.16
33.0 ± 10.67
0.070
32.5 ± 6.50
24.0 ± 16.97
33.4 ± 6.93
0.689
(xii) Last MRC
44.1 ± 5.74
43.8 ± 8.62
43.4 ± 12.58
0.745
41.7 ± 8.30
27.0 ± 21.21
51.7 ± 9.63
0.030
(xiii) Hospital length of stay (days)
24.5 ± 10.10
27.2 ± 12.94
22.7 ± 13.21
0.633
27.8 ± 16.99
45.0 ± 7.07
15.0 ± 8.84
0.004
IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure; RSBI: Rapid Shallow Breathing Index; FSS-ICU: Functional Status Score for the ICU; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; MRC: Medical Research Council; CG, control group; DG, diaphragm group; QG, quadriceps group. Values are expressed as mean ± SD ().
