Updates in Refractory Status Epilepticus

Table 6

Long-term outcome factors for RSE in selected studies.

Study

Older age

STESS >2

History of epilepsy or status epilepticus

Longer duration

Sepsis/systemic infection

Baseline functioning

EEG findings (no BS or isoelectric EEG)

Seizure or status epilepticus type

Etiology category

Cardiac arrythmia

Long duration of mechanical ventilation

Need for CPR

Kantanen et al. [23]

↓

NE

NE (epilepsy)

NE

NA

NE

NA

NE

NE

NA

NA

NA

Madzar et al. [152]

↓

↓

↓(epilepsy)

↓^1

↓

NE

NA

NE

NE

NA

NE

NA

Hocker et al.^2 [11]

NE

NA

NE

↓^3

↓^4

NA

↑

NE

NA

↓

↓

NA

Sutter et al. [20]

NE

NA

NE

↓

NE

NA

NA

↓^5

↓^6

NA

NE

↓

↓, worse outcome; ↑, better outcome; NE, no effect; NA, not assessed or not available; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; BS, burst suppression; ¹duration of RSE >10 days; ²anoxic brain injury etiology excluded; ³duration of coma >10 days; ⁴effect seen with pneumonia; ⁵effect seen with GCSE and NCSE; ⁶effect seen only with hypoxic/anoxic brain injury and intracranial tumor.