Urine β-2-Microglobulin, Osteopontin, and Trefoil Factor 3 May Early Predict Acute Kidney Injury and Outcome after Cardiac Arrest
Table 2
Multivariate analyses of risk factors for acute kidney injury, mortality, and poor neurological outcome in resuscitated, comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
Covariates
Levels
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
value
AuROC (95% CI) with biomarker
AuROC (95% CI) without biomarker
value
Risk factors for acute kidney injury
Model I ()
SOFA score, day 0
≥/<10
3.59 (1.72 to 7.47)
0.001
0.729 (0.658 to 0.800)
0.700 (0.630 to 0.770)
0.036
S-Urea, day 0
≥/<6.7 mmol/L
2.71 (1.47 to 5.04)
0.001
Admission U-β2M
≥/<2769 ng/mL
2.14 (1.16 to 3.96)
0.015
Model II ()
S-Urea, day 0
≥/<6.7 mmol/L
2.18 (1.05 to 4.53)
0.036
0.722 (0.636 to 0.807)
0.699 (0.612 to 0.786)
0.249
Weighta
≥/<85 kg
2.09 (1.00 to 4.38)
0.050
B-BE
≥/<−7.0 mmol/L
2.49 (1.20 to 5.20)
0.015
U-Osteopontin, day 3
≥/<1683 ng/mL
2.07 (1.00 to 4.29)
0.050
Risk factors for mortality
Model III ()
S-Urea, day 0
≥/<6.7 mmol/L
2.16 (1.11 to 4.20)
0.023
0.797 (0.733 to 0.861)
0.774 (0.709 to 0.839)
0.195
Not initial VT/VFa
No/yes
5.29 (2.58 to 10.87)
<0.001
SOFA score, day 0
≥/< 10
4.46 (2.00 to 9.96)
<0.001
Admission U-β2M
≥/< 2769 ng/mL
2.65 (1.36 to 5.18)
0.004
Model IV ()
Not initial VT/VFa
No/yes
3.65 (1.71 to 7.76)
0.001
0.760 (0.687 to 0.833)
0.702 (0.627 to 0.778
0.027
SOFA score, day 0
≥/<10
3.31 (1.43 to 7.69)
0.005
U-TTF3, day 3
≥/<2910 ng/mL
3.40 (1.66 to 6.95)
0.001
Risk factors for poor neurological outcomes
Model V ()
S-Urea, day 0
≥/<6.7 mmol/L
2.19 (1.11 to 4.32)
0.024
0.812 (0.750 to 0.874)
0.802 (0.740 to 0.864)
0.167
Not initial VT/VFa
No/yes
5.62 (2.64 to 11.97)
<0.001
B-BE
≥/<−7.0 mmol/L
2.40 (1.18 to 4.85)
0.015
SOFA score, day 0
≥/< 10
2.98 (1.34 to 6.66)
0.008
Admission U-β2M
≥/< 2769 ng/mL
2.10 (1.04 to 4.21)
0.038
Model VI ()
Not initial VT/VFa
No/yes
3.83 (1.78 to 8.24)
0.001
0.758 (0.685 to 0.832)
0.715 (0.638 to 0.791)
0.101
B-BE
≥/<−7.0 mmol/L
2.95 (1.46 to 5.97)
0.003
U-TTF3, day 3
≥/<2910 ng/mL
3.15 (1.56 to 6.40)
0.001
Data are from multivariate logistic regression analysis. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AuROC: area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristics curve; n: number; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; β2M: β-2-microglobulin; S: serum; U: urine; B: whole blood; BE: base excess; VF/VT: ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia; TFF3: trefoil factor 3. values for the adjusted odds ratio. values from comparing the AuROC with and without biomarkers. aData from some patients are missing.
