Intravenous Fluid of Choice in Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Characteristics of perioperative fluids included in this review.

Fluid	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	HCO3^-	Buffer	Glucose (g/L)	Other	Molecular wt (kDa)/C2 : C6 ratio	Osmolarity	Oncotic pressure (mmHg)	pH (in vitro)	Initial volume expansion (%)	Persistence in the body (days)	Maximal daily dose (per kg)
Plasma	140	5	100	4.4	2	4.4	Lactate 1	—	—	—	285	—	7.4	—	—	—
0.9% NaCl (NSS)	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	308	—	6	—	—	—
3% NaCl	513	—	513	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1026	—	4.5	—	—	—
5% Dextrose	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	50	—	—	252	—	4.5	—	—	—
5% Dextrose/ 0.45%NaCl	77	—	77	—	—	—	—	50	—	—	406	—	4	—	—	—
Lactated Ringer solution (Hartmann’s solution, LRS)	130	4	109	3	—	—	Lactate 28	—	—	—	273	—	6.5	—	—	—
Plasmalyte	140	5	98	—	3	—	Acetate 27 Gluconate 23				294		7.4
Jonosteril	137	4	110	1.6	1.2	—	Acetate 36.8	—	—	—	na	—	na	-	-	-
Ringer maleate (Ringerfundin)	145	4	127	2.5	1	—	Maleate 5 Acetate 24				na		na
G5K solution	50	30	65	0	2	HPO4 8	Lactate 18	50	—	—	454	—	na	—	—	—
4%–5% Albumin	130–160	—	130–160	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	309	20–29	7.1	80	-	-
Dextran70	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	na	56–68	na	120	28–42	1.5
6% HES 670/0.75 (hetastarch)	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	670/4.5 : 1	309	25–30	5.5	100	4–6	20
6% HES 200/0.62 (Elohes)	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	200/9 : 1	na	25–30	na	110	6–7	20
6% HES 200/0.5 (Hesteril)	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	200/5 : 1	Na	30–37	na	100	3–4	33
6% HES 130/0.4 NSS (Voluven)	154	—	154	—	—	—	—	—	—	130/9 : 1	308	36	na	100	2–3	50
6% HES 130/0.4 balanced solution (Volulyte)	137	4	110	—	3	—	Acetate 34	—	—	130/9 : 1	287	na	na	100	2–3	50
6% HES 70/0.5 in balanced solution (Hespander)	105	4	92.3	2.7	—	—	Lactate 20	—	—	70/3 : 1	—	—	na	100	1–2	20
4% succinylated gelatin (Gelofusine)	154	—	125	—	—	—	—	—		30	274	—	7.1–7.7	80	2–7	—

Note. Electrolyte concentrations, osmolarity, and pH may be subject to small differences in other reports. HES = hydroxyethyl starch; kDa = kilodalton.