Acute Kidney Injury Outcomes of Elderly and Nonelderly Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in a Developing Country
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients with AKI†.
Parameter
Overall
Nonelderly
Elderly
Number
300
142
158
Age, year
66 (52–77)
51 (42–59)
76 (70–82)
<0.0001
Sex, male, n (%)
166 (55.3)
91 (64.1)
75 (47.5)
0.0055
Weight (kg)
60 (50–70)
62 (55–70)
59 (50–65)
0.0012
Height (cm)
160 (155–168)
165 (158–170)
160 (154–165)
0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
22.9 (20.2–25.8)
23.6 (20.0–27.3)
22.2 (20.4–25.4)
0.19
Comorbidity, n (%)
DM
126 (42.0)
47 (33.1)
79 (50.0)
0.0045
HTn
181 (60.3)
55 (38.7)
126 (79.8)
<0.0001
CAD
43 (14.3)
8 (5.6)
35 (22.2)
<0.0001
CKD
198 (66)
70 (49.4)
128 (81)
<0.0001
CKD stage, n (%)
<0.0001
I-II
75 (37.9)
30 (42.9)
45 (35.2)
IIIa
48 (24.2)
16 (22.9)
32 (25.0)
IIIb
33 (16.7)
12 (17.1)
21 (16.4)
IV
42 (21.2)
12 (17.1)
30 (23.4)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2
72.5 (45–95)
89.5 (56–104)
57.9 (38–82)
<0.0001
Baseline sCr, mg/dL
1.00 (0.79–1.30)
0.97 (0.76–1.13)
1.00 (0.85–1.46)
0.0018
Charlson Comorbidity Index, points
4 (2–6)
2 (1–4)
5 (4–7)
<0.0001
Principle diagnosis, n (%)
0.0196‡
Infection or sepsis
168 (56.0)
69 (48.6)
99 (62.6)
ACS or HF
27 (9.0)
11 (7.8)
16 (10.1)
Malignancy
25 (8.3)
16 (11.3)
9 (5.7)
GI bleeding
22 (7.3)
16 (11.3)
6 (3.8)
Hyperglycemic crisis
15 (5.0)
9 (6.3)
6 (3.8)
Stroke
12 (4.0)
9 (6.3)
3 (1.9)
Cirrhosis
5 (1.7)
3 (2.1)
2 (1.3)
Other
26 (8.7)
9 (6.3)
17 (10.8)
APACHE II score, points
26.0 (20–32)
24.0 (20–30)
27.5 (22–33)
0.001
Ventilator, n (%)
269 (89.7)
126 (88.8)
143 (90.5)
0.75
ARDS, n (%)
27 (9.0)
13 (9.2)
14 (8.8)
1.00
Need vasopressors, n (%)
202 (67.3)
95 (66.9)
107 (67.7)
0.97
Diuretic used, n (%)
172 (57.3)
65 (45.8)
107 (67.7)
0.0002
sCr at ICU, mg/dL
2.15 (1.60–3.11)
2.10 (1.52–3.06)
2.20 (1.65–3.18)
0.33
Hematocrit, %
29.9 (25.1–35.9)
29.9 (24.3–37.6)
29.8 (25.3–34.0)
0.77
Albumin, g/dL
2.7 (2.2–3.3)
2.8 (2.3–3.4)
2.6 (2.2–3.2)
0.15
Bicarbonate, mmol/L
17 (12–21)
16 (12–21)
17 (13–21)
0.17
Lactate, mmol/L
4.4 (2.6–7.6)
4.7 (3.2–8.9)
4.2 (2.2–7.2)
0.06
AKI stage, n (%)
0.59
I
83 (27.7)
36 (25.4)
47 (29.7)
II
80 (27.7)
37 (26.0)
43 (27.2)
III
137 (45.6)
69 (48.6)
68 (43.1)
AKI etiology, n (%)
Septic AKI
116 (38.7)
53 (37.3)
63 (39.9)
ATN
87 (29.0)
41 (28.9)
46 (29.1)
Hypovolemia
59 (19.7)
33 (23.2)
26 (16.5)
CRS
20 (6.7)
6 (4.3)
14 (8.9)
Nephrotoxic ATN
8 (2.7)
0
8 (5.1)
Other
10 (3.2)
9 (6.3)
1 (0.5)
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). †The elderly were those aged ≥65 years. ‡Chi-square test for infection or sepsis versus no infection or sepsis. ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AKI, acute kidney injury; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ATN, acute tubular necrosis; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRS, cardiorenal syndrome; DM, any type of diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GI, gastrointestinal; HF, heart failure; HTn, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; and sCr, serum creatinine.
